Cynops pyrrhogaster (Boie, 1826)
Molge pyrrhogaster Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, 18: 215. Syntypes: Including specmens in ZMA; ZMA 7286 designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 99. Type locality: "Japan"; restricted to "Tokyo, Japan" by Okada, 1934, Copeia, 1934: 17; restricted to the "environs of Nagasaki" by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 99.
Molga pyrrhogatra — Boie, 1827, Bijdr. Naturkd. Wet., 2: 270. Incorrect subsequent spelling of generic name.
Salamandra subcristata Temminck and Schlegel, 1838, Fauna Japonica, 3: 125-127. Syntypes: Not stated, but clearly including animals figured on pl. 4, figs. 1-3, and pl. 5, figs. 7-8 of the original. Syntypes: Including RMNH 2397 (17 specimens) and 18561 according to Gassó Miracle, van den Hoek Ostende, and Arntzen, 2007, Zootaxa, 1482: 58), and MNHNP according to Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 93. RMNH 2397A designated lectotype by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 98. See discussion of types by Thireau, 1986, Cat. Types Urodeles Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Rev. Crit.: 71-72. Type locality: "Japon"; restricted to "environs of Nagasaki" Japan, by Hoogmoed, 1978, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 53: 98. Synonymy by Geerts, 1881, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 5: 275; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 19; Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 16.
Cynops subcristatus — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 94.
Cynops pyrrhogaster — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 25.
Triton subcristatus — Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 140.
Triton pyrrhogaster — Strauch, 1870, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, 16 (4): 51.
Salamandra pyrrhogastra — Geerts, 1881, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, 5: 275.
Molge pyrrhogastra — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 19.
Diemyctylus pyrrhogaster — Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 201.
Triton subcristatus var. typica — Krefft, 1898, Fest-Gruss gewidmet der 69. Versamml. Deutsch. Naturforscher Aerzte Ver, Naturwissenschaft zu Braunschweig, 2: 187.
Triton subcristatus var. immaculiventris Krefft, 1898, Fest-Gruss gewidmet der 69. Versamml. Deutsch. Naturforscher Aerzte Ver, Naturwissenschaft zu Braunschweig, 2: 187. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "Insel Kiu-Siu" (= Kyushu), Japan.
Triton pyrrhogaster subsp. typica — Wolterstorff, 1906, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 1: 162.
Diemictylus pyrrhogaster — Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 16. Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 28.
Triturus pyrrhogaster — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 451.
Triton (Cynops) pyrrhogaster — Wolterstorff, 1925, Abh. Ber. Mus. Nat. Heimatkd. Magdeburg, 4: 290.
Cynops pyrrhogaster — Wolterstorff and Herre, 1935, Arch. Naturgesch., Leipzig, N. F., 4: 224.
Triturus pyrrhogaster sasayamae Mertens, 1969, Aquar. Terrar. Z., 22: 115. Holotype: SMF 56226, by original designation. Type locality: "Tottori, Inaba, Honshu [Island]", Japan.
Cynops shataukokensis Freytag and Eberhardt, 1977, Salamandra, 13: 151. Holotype: SMF 69000, by original designation. Type locality: "Umbegung nördlich Sha Tau Kok, Kwangtung"(= Surroundings north of Shau Tau Kok [=Shatoujiao], Guangdong), China; in error, according to Risch and Romer, 1980, J. Herpetol., 14: 337, who suggested that the correct type locality is southern Japan. Synonymy by Risch and Romer, 1980, J. Herpetol., 14: 337; and Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 110. But see Böhme and Bischoff, 1984, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 19: 151-213, who doubted this synonymy.
English Names
Japanese Newt (Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 69; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 31).
Japanese Firebelly Newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).
Japanese Fire-bellied Newt (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 31; Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 42).
Shau Tau Kok Newt (Cynops shataukokensis: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 35).
Distribution
Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu Islands and many nearby smaller islands, Japan.
Comment
Highton, 2000, in Bruce et al., Biol. Plethodontid Salamanders: 224, discussed previously published allozyme data and on that basis suggested that possibly two species with a narrow hybrid zone would be found on Kyushu. Thorn and Raffaëlli, 2000, Salamand. Ancien Monde: 306-312, provided an account. Hayashi and Matsui, 1988, Zool. Sci., Tokyo, 5: 1121-1136, noted that allozyme variation is not consistent with previously morphologically recognized races. Goris and Maeda, 2004, Guide Amph. Rept. Japan: 42-44, provided an account, map, and photograph. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 124-125, provided a brief account, figure, and map
External Links
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- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
