Aneides lugubris (Hallowell, 1849)
Triton tereticauda Eschscholtz, 1833, Zool. Atlas, Part 5: 14. Type(s): Not stated or known to exist, but by implication of statements regarding the types of Triton ensatus Eschscholtz, possibly originally in Dorpat (Germany) or Rostock (Estonia). Type locality: "Bei der Niederlassung Ross" (= Fort Ross), California, USA. Suppressed for the purposes of the Law of Priority but not for those of the Law of Homonymy by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 377, Anonymous, 1956, Opin. Declar. Internatl. Comm. Zool. Nomencl., 11: 401-410; and therefore placed on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Specific Names in Zoology. Provisional synonymy by Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 127, and Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 211.
Salamandra lugubris Hallowell, 1849 "1848", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 4: 126. Holotype: Not stated; ANSP 1257, according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 23; Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348. Type locality: "Monterey, [Monterey County,] Upper California", USA. Given incorrectly by Baird, 1851, in Heck (ed.), Icon. Encycl. Sci. Lit. Art, 2: 257, as "Island of Maui, one of the Sandwich Islands".
Taricha ? lugubris — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 26.
Ambystoma punctulatum Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 37. Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: "Monterey, California", USA. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Batr. Apoda Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 52.
Aneides lugubris — Baird, 1851, in Heck (ed.), Icon. Encycl. Sci. Lit. Art, 2: 257. Baird and Girard, 1853, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 302.
Anaides lugubris — Garman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 38. by implication.
Plethodon crassulus Cope, 1886, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 23: 521. Holotype: USNM 9447 according to Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 220; and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 19. Type locality: "California", USA. Synonymy (with Plethodon intermedius [= Plethodon vehiculum) by Van Denburgh, 1916, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 6: 220, and Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 54. Synonymy by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 211; Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 19..
Autodax lugubris — Boulenger, 1887, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 19: 67.
Aneides lugubris lugubris — Van Denburgh, 1905, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 4: 5. Grinnell and Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 134.
Autodax lugubris farallonensis Van Denburgh, 1905, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 3, 4: 5. Holotype: CAS 3731 (Destroyed in 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire according to Slevin and Leviton, 1956, Proc. California Acad. Sci., Ser. 4, 28: 535). Type locality: "South Farallon Island", California.
Aneides lugubris farallonensis — Grinnell and Camp, 1917, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 17: 133.
English Names
Sad-colored Anaides (Aneides lugubris: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).
Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 50; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 9; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 19; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 181; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 14; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 28; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 11; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 24).
Farallon Island Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173).
Farallon Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 343).
Farallon Yellow-dotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 74).
Farallon Yellow-spotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris farallonensis: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 343).
Arboreal Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Grinnell and Storer, 1924, Animal Life in the Yosemite: 653; Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 340; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 51; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 29).
California Yellow-spotted Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 71).
Oak Salamander (Aneides lugubris lugubris: Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173).
Distribution
Coast Ranges of California (USA) from Humboldt County to northern Baja California Norte (Mexico) in the vicinity of Valle Santo Tomás; foothills of the Sierra Nevada from Calaveras to Madera counties, California (USA); South Farallon, Catalina, and Los Coronados Islands, off the coast of California and Baja California Norte, Mexico.
Comment
Reviewed by Lynch and Wake, 1974, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 159: 1-2. Sessions and Kezer, 1987, Chromosoma, Berlin, 95: 17-30, noted two karyological races that intergrade in Mendocino County, California, USA. Grismer, 2002, Amph. Rept. Baja California: 56-57, provided an account for the Mexican populations. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 181-182, provided a brief account, figure, and map. The Farallon population is almost certainly a distinct species (DRF).
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
