Bufotes surdus (Boulenger, 1891)
Bufo surdus Boulenger, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 7: 282. Holotype: "purchased"; BMNH 1947.2.21.20 (formerly 90.12.17.1), according to R.F. Inger in Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 61. Type locality: "Baluchistan", Pakistan. See Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 264, for brief discussion of type (pictured) and type locality.
Bufo viridis var. persica Nikolskii, 1899, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 4: 406. Syntypes: ZISP 2056-59; ZISP 2058.3 designated lectotype by Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 265. Type localities: "Urbs Bazman", "Flum. Tamin in Sargardo", "Duz-Ab in Kirmano orient.", "Ziaret in Sargado" [translated], Iran. Restricted to Duz-Ab in E-Kirmano, about 28° N, 58° E, by lectotype designation. Primary homonym of "Bufo persicus Fitz." in Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 40 (a nomen dubium according to Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 265). Synonymy by Zarevskij, 1926 "1925", Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Sci. Leningrad, 26: 78; Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5; and Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 265.
Bufo persicus — Nikolskii, 1903, Annu. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, 8: 97.
Bufo surdus surdus — Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 118. Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 269.
Bufo surdus annulatus Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 118. Holotype: ZSM 4/1968, by original designation. Type locality: "5 km nördlich Mehkuh, 1400 m ü. M. (70 km südlich Schiras), auf dem nördlichen Fahrtweg zur Strasse Schiras—Firuzabad", Prov. Fars, Iran. Distinctiveness from Bufo surdus surdus doubted by Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 269.
Pseudepidalea surda — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 365.
Bufo (Pseudepidalea) surda surda — Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabzadeh, and Shafiei, 2008, Iranian J. Animal Biosystem., 4: 44.
Bufo (Pseudepidalea) surda annulata — Rastegar-Pouyani, Kami, Rajabzadeh, and Shafiei, 2008, Iranian J. Animal Biosystem., 4: 44.
Bufo (Bufotes) surdus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.
Bufo (Bufotes) surdus annulatus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.
Bufo (Bufotes) surdus surdus — Dubois and Bour, 2010, Zootaxa, 2447: 25. See comment under Bufotes record.
Bufotes surdus — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World Online, vers. 5.6: . Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.
Bufotes surdus annulatus — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World Online, vers. 5.6: . Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.
Bufotes surdus surdus — Frost, 2013, Amph. Spec. World Online, vers. 5.6: . Required change because of non-monophyly of Bufo.
English Names
Pakistan Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).
Luristan Toad (Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 41).
Iranian Toad (Khan, 2002, Bull. Chicago Herpetol. Soc., 37: 159).
Distribution
Mountains of southern Iran, adjacent Iraq, and western Pakistan (western Baluchistan and vicinity of Quetta).
Comment
In the Bufo viridis group of Inger, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 107, and in the Bufo surdus subgroup of Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 262. See Schmidtler and Schmidtler, 1969, Salamandra, 5: 113-123, and Eiselt and Schmidtler, 1973, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 77: 188, for taxonomy, distribution, and ecology. Stöck, Frynta, Grosse, Steinlein, and Schmid, 2001, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 9: 83, noted that two Bufo viridis complex toads occur in the Zagros Mountains, one being referable to Bufo surdus luristanicus (now Bufotes luristanicus) and the other to Bufo viridis subspecies (previously called Bufo viridis arabicus) and noted that the ploidy level of the three nominal subspecies of Bufo surdus are unknown. Stöck, Günther, and Böhme, 2001, Zool. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierkd. Dresden, 51: 267-269, provided a brief taxonomic account. Baloutch and Kami, 1995, Amph. Iran: 135-137, provided an account (as Bufo surdus) for Iran. Khan, 2006, Amph. Rept. Pakistan: 50-51, provided a brief account for Pakistan. Javari and Torki, 2009, Herpetozoa, 21: 171-178, suggested on the basis of morphology that Bufotes luristanicus (as Bufo) is a subspecies of Bufotes surdus, but noted that molecular evidence suggested species distinctiveness.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
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- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
