Eurycea quadridigitata (Holbrook, 1842)
Salamandra quadridigitata Holbrook, 1842, N. Am. Herpetol., Ed. 2, 5: 65. Holotype: Specimen figured in pl. 21 of the original publication; ANSP 490, according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 21; Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348 (this designation considered arguable by Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 332). Type locality: ". . . middle section of our state [South Carolina]. . . to the Gulf of Mexico . . . [also] specimens from Georgia, and . . . Florida"; restricted by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 56, to "vicinity of Charleston, South Carolina", USA.
Salamandra 4-digitata — Holbrook, 1842, N. Am. Herpetol., Ed. 2, 5: pl. 21. Variant spelling.
Batrachoseps quadridigitata — Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 287.
Batrachoseps quadridigitatus — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 42.
Manculus quadridigitatus — Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 21: 101.
Manculus remifer Cope, 1871, Annu. Rep. Peabody Acad. Sci., Salem: 84. Holotype: Peabody Acad. Sci., Salem, Massachusetts, now lost according to Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae: 336. Type locality: "Jacksonville, Florida", USA. Synonymy by Dunn, 1923, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 40.
Batrachoseps quadridigitatus — Knauer, 1883, Naturgesch. Lurche: 97.
Manculus quadridigitata — Garman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst., 16: 40.
Manculus quadridigitatus quadridigitatus — Stejneger and Barbour, 1923, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2: 14.
Eurycea quadridigitata quadridigitata — Dunn, 1923, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 40. Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 48.
Eurycea quadridigitata remifera — Dunn, 1923, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 8: 40.
Manculus quadridigitatus remifer — Stejneger and Barbour, 1923, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 2: 14. Status rejected by Bishop, 1941, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 451: 1-21.
Eurycea quadridigitata remifer — Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 48.
Manculus quadridigitatus paludicolus Mittleman, 1947, Herpetologica, 3: 220. Holotype: USNM 123979, by original designation. Type locality: "Pollock, Grant Parish, Louisiana", USA.
Manculus quadridigitatus uvidus Mittleman, 1947, Herpetologica, 3: 221. Holotype: USNM 123980 (formerly SM 2338), by original designation and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 16. Type locality: "Gayle, Caddo Parish, Louisiana", USA.
Eurycea quadridigitata — Wake, 1966, Mem. S. California Acad. Sci., 4: 64.
Manculus quadridigitatus — Mittleman, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 44: 1.
Eurycea (Eurycea) quadridigitata — Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 189.
English Names
Florida Manculus (Manculus remifer [no longer recognized]: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).
Four-fingered Manculus (Eurycea quadridigitata: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).
Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata: Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 151; Strecker, 1928, Contr. Baylor Univ. Mus., 16: 8; Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 48; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 174; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 292; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 6; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 31; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 7; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 23; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 27).
Coastal Plain Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata: Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 12).
Dwarf Four-toed Salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata: Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 446; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 56).
Florida Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea quadridigitata remifer: Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 48).
Distribution
Coastal plain of the Atlantic and Gulf states from southeastern North Carolina to eastern Texas, except the coastal plains of southern Florida; north into southeastern Oklahoma and southern Arkansas, USA.
Comment
Reviewed (as Manculus quadridigitatus) by Mittleman, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 44: 1-2. Confused in the literature with Eurycea chamberlaini Harrison and Guttman, 2003, of North and South Carolina, which had been considered until its description to be a color phase of Eurycea quadridigitata. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 189, provided a brief account, photograph, and map. Lamb and Beamer, 2012, PLoS One, 7: e37544 (1-8), reported on cryptic species within nominal Eurycea quadridigitata complex, suggesting that the Edwards Plateau complex of neotenic species render nominal Eurycea quadridigitata paraphyletic. Their data suggest that there is one lineage ("western" [southern Arkansas, Louisiana, probably southwestern Mississippi, and eastern Texas]) that is most closely related to the Edwards Plateau group of species, that Eurycea chamberlaini is the closest relative of Eurycea quadridigitata sensu stricto and that at least two other lineages ("Florida panhandle" and "central" [soutwesterhn Alabama to east-central Georgia]) are distinguishable on the basis of molecular data.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
