Ambystoma macrodactylum Baird, 1850
Ambystoma macrodactyla Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 292. Syntypes: ANSP according to the original publication; including USNM 4042 according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 5. Type locality: "Astoria, [Clatsop County,] Oregon", USA.
Ambystoma macrodactylum — Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batr. Grad.: 37.
Amblystoma macrodactylum — Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 198.
Amblystoma Krausei Peters, 1882, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1882: 145. Holotype: ZMB 10364, according to Bauer, Good, and Günther, 1993, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 69: 290. Type locality: "Buffalo (America septentrionalis)" (apparently in error inasmuch as Peters makes it clear on page 146 that this locality is Buffalo, New York, the source of a specimen of Thamnophis sirtalis). On page 146 Peters states that the type of Amblystoma krausei came . . . . "von Montana, and dem Flatheads-river", USA. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1883, Zool. Rec., 19: 26; Mittleman, 1948, Herpetologica, 4: 94.
Amblystoma epixanthum Cope, 1883, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 35: 16. Syntypes: MCZ 4900 (exchanged from ANSP, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 69: 210), and ANSP 3880-83 (according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10; these given as ANSP 13880-13883, by Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 347 who noted that 13882 had been sent to MCZ). Type locality: "South [Fork of] Boise River, [Atlanta, Ellmore County], Idaho", USA. Given as "swamp near head of the South Boise River, south side of the Sawtooth Mountain Range, Idaho", USA, by Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 29. Synonymy by Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 29; Stejneger and Barbour, 1933, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 3: 6; Mittleman, 1948, Herpetologica, 4: 94.
Ambystoma krausii — Boulenger, 1883, Zool. Rec., 19: 26. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Ambystoma stejnegeri Ruthven, 1912, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 41: 517. Holotype: USNM 48598, by original designation. Type locality: "Bloomfield, Davis County, Iowa", USA, in error according to Mittleman, 1948, Herpetologica, 4: 94, who made the synonymy.
Ambystoma epixanthum — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 11.
Ambystoma macrodactylum — Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 139.
Ambystoma macrodactylum macrodactylum — Mittleman, 1948, Herpetologica, 4: 92.
Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei — Mittleman, 1948, Herpetologica, 4: 94.
Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum Russell and Anderson, 1956, Herpetologica, 12: 137. Holotype: MVZ 63734, by original designation. Type locality: "Rio del Mar [Valencia Lagoon], Santa Cruz County, California", USA.
Ambystoma (Ambystoma) macrodactylum — Tihen, 1958, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci., 3: 3, 39.
Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum Ferguson, 1961, Am. Midl. Nat., 65: 313. Holotype: USNM 142228, by original designation. Type locality: "near a small lake located 0.5 miles N. Anthony Lakes (SW 1/4, Sec. 7, R37E, T7S), Union Co[unty]., Oregon, (Elev. 7100 feet)", USA.
Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum — Ferguson, 1961, Am. Midl. Nat., 65: 311-338.
Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum — Ferguson, 1961, Am. Midl. Nat., 65: 316. Holotype: USNM 142212, by original designation. Type locality: "100 yards W. of the boat landing in Eagle Cove of Crater Lake, Klamath Co[unty]., Oregon, (Elev. 6170 feet)", USA.
Ambystoma croceum — Collins, 1991, Herpetol. Rev., 22: 43.
English Names
Flat-footed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 21).
Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum: Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 42; Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 29; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 139; Stebbins, 1951, Amph. W. North Am.: 36; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 20; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; SStebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 156; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 13; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum: Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 13; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Central Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum columbianum: Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 157).
Eastern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei: Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 157).
Santa Cruz Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum: Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 157; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 13; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Northern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei: Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 13; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Western Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum macrodactylum: Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 157; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 14; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Southern Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum sigillatum: Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 35; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 157; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 14; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Distribution
Southeastern Alaska south through British Columbia and Vancouver I. (Canada), south to northern and central California (Santa Cruz County on the coast and in the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains) (USA) and eastward into Alberta (Canada), Idaho and western Montana (USA).
Comment
See accounts by Ferguson, 1963, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 4: 1-2; Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 70; and Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 97-98, who provided a brief account, figure, and map. Hodge, 1973, HISS News J., 1: 23, provided a record for in southeastern Alaska and mapped the range.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
