Ambystoma jeffersonianum (Green, 1827)
Salamandra jeffersoniana Green, 1827, Contrib. Maclurian Lyc. Arts Sci., 1: 4. Type(s): Not stated; according to Uzzell, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 47: 1, USNM 3968 might be the holotype (see Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 150, and Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 94). Type locality: "Near Chartier's creek in the vicinity of Jefferson College [formerly] at Cannonsburg", Washington County, Pennsylvania, USA.
Xiphonura jeffersoniana — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 93.
Salamandra granulata Holbrook, 1842, N. Am. Herpetol., Ed. 2, 5: 63. Type(s): Including specimen figured on pl. 20; not now known to exist, although Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 24 (maybe correctly) listed USNM 3981 (2 specimens), as syntypes of Salamandra granulata DeKay (which is nomenclaturally a subsequent usage of Salamandra granulata Holbrook) but according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 24, and Uzzell, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 47: 2, these are referrable to the Ambystoma jeffersonianum complex, likely Ambystoma jeffersonianum. Type locality: "the northern districts of New York", USA. See Adler, 1976, Holbrook’s N. Am. Herpetol.: xxxviii, for discussion of authorship, and who considered Holbrook to have precedence over De Kay, 1842, Zool. New York, 1: 78. Synonymy with Salamandra jeffersoniana by Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 195. Adler, 1976, Holbrook’s N. Am. Herpetol.: xxxix, noted that the synonymy is questionable. Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gen., 9: 81, suggested that it may be a synonym of Plethodon glutinosus (sensu lato).
Ambystoma jeffersoniana — Baird, 1850 "1849", J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 1: 283.
Ambystoma fuscum Hallowell, 1858, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 3: 355. Also described as new by Hallowell, 1858 "1857", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 9: 216. Holotype: ANSP 1379, according to Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10;. Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 348. Type locality: "Indiana, near Hanover College", Hanover, Jefferson County, Indiana, USA. Synonymy by Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 197.
Plethodon persimilis Gray, 1859, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1859: 230. Syntypes: Not stated, presumably in BMNH. Type locality: "Siam" (in error); thought in error to be from "Laos Mountains?" by Mivart, 1868 "1867", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 699; designated as "vicinity of New York City", USA, by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 19. Synonymy by Noble, 1926, Am. Mus. Novit., 212: 17.
Pectoglossa persimilis — Mivart, 1868 "1867", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 698.
Amblystoma jeffersonianum — Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 195.
Amblystoma platineum Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 198. Syntypes: "[USNM] No. 7145 . . . [and] 4688" from original publication; by museum records, USNM 3998 and 39444 (recatalogued from 3988) (according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 5), and ANSP 1299 ? (regarded as 'type' by Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10); see Uzzell, 1964, Copeia, 1964: 292, for discussion. Type locality: "Cleveland, [Cuyahoga County,] Ohio", USA, and "Unknown". Resurrected by Uzzell, 1964, Copeia, 1964: 257-300, for an hypothesized gynogenetic hybrid origin lineage of Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum; that a unitary gynogenetic lineage exists was rejected by Lowcock, Licht, and Bogart, 1987, Syst. Zool., 36: 328-336. See Ambystoma laterale synonymy for further entries.
Amblystoma jeffersonianum var. fuscum — Cope, 1868 "1867", Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 19: 197.
Amblystoma persimile — Strauch, 1870, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg, Ser. 7, 16 (4): 65.
Amblystoma jeffersonianum jeffersonianum — Cope, 1875, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 1: 26.
Ambystoma jeffersonianum platineum — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10.
Ambystoma jeffersonianum fuscum — Fowler and Dunn, 1917, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 69: 10.
Ambystoma jeffersonianum — Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 62: 458.
Amblystoma persimilis — Bourret, 1927, Fauna Indochine, Vert., 3: 254.
Ambystoma tremblayi Comeau, 1943, Ann. Assoc. Canad.-Franç. Avance. Sci., 9: 124. Holotype: Deposition unclear from the original paper, but apparently likely originally in the Section of Biology of the Université Laval, Quebec, Canada; considered lost by Brame, 1959, Herpetologica, 15: 20. Type locality: Not stated in original publication; designated as "Cap Rouge, [Quebec County,] Province of Quebec, Canada", by Brame, 1959, Herpetologica, 15: 20 (who also argued that the name is a nomen nudum [although characters that purport to distinguish the taxon are provided in the original—DRF]). Recognized as a gynogenetic lineage by Uzzell, 1964, Copeia, 1964: 257-300; considered part of a hybrid swarm of a Ambystoma laterale x Ambystoma jeffersonianum, and not a unitary lineage, by Lowcock, Licht, and Bogart, 1987, Syst. Zool., 36: 328-336. See Ambystoma laterale account.
Ambystoma (Ambystoma) jeffersonianum — Tihen, 1958, Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci., 3: 3, 39.
English Names
Granulated Salamander (Salamandra granulata [a no longer recognized nomen dubium]: De Kay, 1842, Zool. New York, 1: 78; Amblystoma jeffersonianum: Smith, 1877, Tailed Amph.: 40).
Jefferson's Salamander (Jordan, 1878, Man. Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 196; Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 20; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 439; Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 153; Bishop, 1943, Handb. Salamanders: 133; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 19).
Plumbeous Salamander (Rhoads, 1895, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 47: 402).
Jefferson Salamander (; Fowler, 1907, Annu. Rep. N.J. State Mus. for 1906: 50; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 173; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 254; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 4; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 27; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 5; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 18; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 13; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 10; Tilley, Highton, and Wake, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 23).
Brown Salamander (Ambystoma jeffersonianum fuscum [no longer recognized]: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 21).
Distribution
Central New Hampshire and southern Quebec (Canada) southwest to southern Indiana, extreme eastern Illinois, central Kentucky, western Virginia and West Virginia; involved in an extensive hybrid zone with Ambystoma laterale to the northwest of this area so distribution is highly provisional.
Comment
See accounts by Uzzell, 1967, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 47: 1-2, and (especially) Petranka, 1998, Salamand. U.S. Canada: 58. Involved in widespread development of hybrid swarms with Ambystoma laterale. Phillips, Uzzell, Spolsky, Serb, Szafoni, and Pollowy, 1997, J. Herpetol., 31: 530-535, applied the name Ambystoma platineum to a triploid population and reportedly gynogenetic population at Kickapoo State Park, Ohio, USA. Bogart, 2003, in Sever (ed.), Reprod. Biol. Phylogeny Urodela: 109-134, discussed complex hybridization with Ambystoma laterale, Ambystoma texanum, and Ambystoma tigrinum. Raffaëlli, 2007, Les Urodèles du Monde: 95-96; provided a brief account, figure, and map. Bogart and Klemens, 2008, Am. Mus. Novit., 3627: 1-58, provided records of this species in the northeastern USA and its associated unisexual kleptogenic populations. Bi, Bogart, and Fu, 2008, Chromosome Res., 16: 275-289, reported on genealogical relationships of kleptogenic populations in Ontario, Canada.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
