Theloderma asperum (Boulenger, 1886)
Ixalus asper Boulenger, 1886, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1886: 415. Syntypes: (2 specimens) BMNH (2 specimens), BMNH 1947.2.6.18-19 (formerly 1886.415) according to Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 31. Type locality: "Hill Garden, Larut, Perak, at an altitude of 3300 feet", Malaysia (Malaya).
Rhacophorus asperrimus Ahl, 1927, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1927: 32. Replacement name for Ixalus asper Boulenger, thought wrongly to be preoccupied by Rana aspera Boulenger, 1882 (= Mantidactylus aspera).
Philautus asper — Smith, 1930, Bull. Raffles Mus., 3: 116. Fei, Ye, and Huang, 1990, Key to Chinese Amph.: 178.
Rhacophorus (Philautus) asperrimus — Ahl, 1931, Das Tierreich, 55: 53, 74.
Philautus asperrimus — Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 465-467.
Theloderma asperum — Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 519. Liem, 1970, Fieldiana, Zool., 57: 94.
Philautus albopunctatus Liu and Hu, 1962, Acta Zool. Sinica, 14 (Supplement): 73, 99, 104. Holotype: CIB 601686, by original designation. Type locality: "Yang-liu-chung, Yaoshan, altitude 1350 m, Kwangsi [= Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region]", China. Synonymy by Yu, Rao, Yang, and Zhang, 2007, Zool. Res., Kunming, 28): 437-442; and Yu, Rao, Yang, and Zhang, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 153: 745.
Philautus (Philautus) albopunctatus — Bossuyt and Dubois, 2001, Zeylanica, 6: 53.
Aquixalus asper — Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 712. See comment under Philautus.
Aquixalus albopunctatus — Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 705. See comment under Philautus.
Liuixalus albopunctatus — Hertwig, Das, Schweizer, Brown, and Haas, 2012, Zool. Scripta, 41: 29-46. See comment.
English Names
Hill Garden Bug-eyed Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 122; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 72).
Warty Tree Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 67; Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 120).
Rough-skinned Small Treefrog (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 258).
Cobalt-gray Warted Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 150).
Pied Warted Treefrog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 162).
Rough-skinned Whistling Tree Frog (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 41).
Rough-skinned Small Treefrog (Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 425, as Aquixalus asper).
Rough Paddle-leg Frog (Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 72).
Dotted Bubble-nest Frog (Philautus albopunctatus [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 111; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 69).
White-banded Small Treefrog (Philautus albopunctatus [no longer recognized]: Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 258).
White-patterned Small Treefrog (Philautus albopunctatus [no longer recognized]: Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 425).
Distribution
Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Nagaland (northeastern India) through Myanmar and adjacent China (Xizang) through upland Thailand and Laos to central and northern Vietnam and Indonesia (Sumatra) (see comment).
Comment
See Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 519-522, for account. See account (as Philautus asperrimus) by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 465-467. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 258-260, provided a brief account (under Philautus asper), map, and figure. Reported for southwestern Cambodia by Ohler, Swan, and Daltry, 2002, Raffles Bull. Zool., 50: 465-481. Stuart, 1999, in Duckworth et al. (eds.), Wildlife in Lao PDR: 49, reported the species (as Philautus asperrimus) in the foothills of the Annamite Mountains in Laos. Bain and Nguyen, 2004, Am. Mus. Novit., 3453: 32, provided the record for Ha Giang Province, Vietnam. Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 162-163, provided a very brief account, map for Thailand, and photograph. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 41, provided specific localities for Vietnam and (p. 150) a photograph. Stuart, Sok, and Neang, 2006, Raffles Bull. Zool., 54: 143, provided a record for eastern Cambodia. Stuart, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 479, provided a specific locality for Laos. Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 109, provided bibliography and range. Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1117-1125, provided a specific locality for Nagaland, northeastern India. Sarkar and Ray, 2006, In Alfred (ed.), Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Part 1: 301, provided a brief report for Arunachal Pradesh. See Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006, Russ. J. Herpetol., 13: 155-175, for brief comments. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 258-259, provided a brief account, map, and figure (as Philautus albopunctatus). Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 119, provided an account for Guangxi (as Philautus albopunctatus). Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 34, provided specific localities for Vietnam (as Philautus albopunctatus). Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 712-714 (as Aquixalus asper), for China and spot map. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 120, provided a brief characterization and photographs. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 425 Aquixalus asper) provided brief accounts for China including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 72-73, for Xizang, China. See comment under Theloderma baibengensis, with which some literature may be confused. Li, Chen, Li, Lv, and Wang, 2011, Asian Herpetol. Res., Ser. 2, 2: 135, provided photographs of the holotype of Philautus albopunctatus. Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011, Zootaxa, 3098: 1-20, suggested that this name covers a complex of species. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 258-259, provided a brief account, map, and figure as Philautus albopunctatus. Zhang and Wen, 2000, Amph. Guangxi: 119, provided an account for Guangxi. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 34, provided specific localities for Vietnam (as Philautus albopunctatus). Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 705-708, provided an account (as Aquixalus albopunctatus). Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 425 (as Aquixalus albopunctatus) provided brief accounts for China including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 69, provided an account (as Philautus albopunctatus). Hertwig, Das, Schweizer, Brown, and Haas, 2012, Zool. Scripta, 41: 29-46, in using the Genbank sequences for Philautus albopunctatus (EU215526/12S and 16S; voucher KIZ 061209YP), recovered Philautus albopunctatus, not as a synonym of Theloderma asperum, but as a member of Liuixalus. However, Yu, Rao, Yang, and Zhang, 2007, Zool. Res., Kunming, 28: 437-442, Yu, Rao, Yang, and Zhang, 2008, Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 153: 733-749, using multiple samples of putative Philautus albopunctatus into the synonymy of Theloderma asperum. Given that the accession record EU215526 is tied to a publication ( Li, Che, Bain, Zhao, and Zhang, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 48: 302-312) that did not include that sequence in their analysis, at this juncture in time I suspect that the sequence used by Hertwig et al., 2012, actually represents an unnamed species of Liuixalus. Regardless, its use by Hertwig et al., 2012, in no way affects the conclusions of their study of Philautus.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
