Lithobates areolatus (Baird and Girard, 1852)
Rana areolata Baird and Girard, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 173. Syntypes: USNM (2 specimens) by original designation; USNM 3304 considered holotype (lectotype designation by implication) by Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 72. Type localities: "Indianola, [Calhoun County, Texas] and [apparently in error] . . . on the Rio San Pedro of the Gila [Arizona]", USA. Restricted to Indianola, Calhoun County, Texas, USA by lectotype designation.
Rana areolata areolata — Cope, 1875, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 1: 32. Goin and Netting, 1940, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 28: 143. .
Rana circulosa Rice and Davis, 1878, in Jordan (ed.), Manual Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 305. Holotype: Not stated; CHAS 160 according to Goin and Netting, 1940, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 28: 157. Type locality: "Benton Co., Indiana", USA, in error according to Stejneger and Barbour, 1943, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 93: 54, who in error reported the type locality as "Northern Illinois; Mittleman, 1947, Am. Midl. Nat., 38: 474, corrected the error of Stejneger and Barbour (1943), but Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 75, incorrectly revised the type locality to "vicinity of Olney, Richland County, Illinois", USA. Synonymy with Rana areolata by Boulenger, 1919, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 9, 3: 415.
Rana areolata circulosa — Davis and Rice, 1883, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1: 28.
Rana octoplicata Werner, 1893, Zool. Anz., 16: 83. Holotype: NHMW. Type locality: "Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-amerika; der genauere Fundort des einen, weiblichen get erhaltenem Exemplars is nicht bekannt." Synonymy by Boulenger, 1893, Zool. Rec., 29: 37. Ambiguously placed here. Boulenger regarded this name to apply to Rana areolata, but Werner, 1894, Jahresber. Abhandl. Naturwiss. Ver. Magdeburg, 1894: 125; and Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 491, regarded it as a junior synonym of "Leptodactylus ocellatus" (now Leptodactylus latrans).
Rana virescens areolata — Cole and Barbour, 1906, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 50: 153. (Probably based on specimens in the Lithobates berlandieri complex—DRF.)
Rana areolata areolata — Neill, 1957, Herpetologica, 13: 47-52.
Rana areolata circulosa — Neill, 1957, Herpetologica, 13: 47-52.
Rana (Rana) areolata — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42.
Rana (Pantherana) areolata — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 332.
Rana (Novirana, Sierrana, Pantherana, Nenirana) areolata — Hillis and Wilcox, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 34: 305. See Dubois, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 317-330, Hillis, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 331-338, and Dubois, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 390-402, for relevant discussion of nomenclature. Invalid name formulation under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (1999) as discussed by Dubois, 2007, Cladistics, 23: 395.
Lithobates areolatus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 369. Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 1-13; by implication.
Lithobates (Lithobates) areolatus — Dubois, 2006, C. R. Biol., Paris, 329: 829. Dubois, 2006, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 325.
Rana (Nenirana) areolata — Hillis, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 42: 335-336. by implication.
Lithobates areolatus areolatus — Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 7).
Lithobates areolatus circulosus — Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 7).
English Names
Ringed Frog (Rana areolata: Davis and Rice, 1883, Bull. Chicago Acad. Sci., 1: 28).
Northern Gopher Frog (Rana areolata: Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: xi; Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 477).
Crawfish Frog (Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 78; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 348; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 12; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 13; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 13; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 7; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 17).
Texas Frog (Rana areolata areolata: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 25).
Southern Gopher Frog (Rana areolata: Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 46).
Western Gopher Frog (Rana areolata areolata: Viosca, 1949, Pop. Sci. Bull., Louisiana Acad. Sci., 1: 10).
Southern Crawfish Frog (Lithobates areolatus areolatus: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 78; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 349; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 12; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 13; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 13; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 7; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 17).
Hoosier Frog (Rana areolata circulosa: Rice and Davis, 1878, in Jordan (ed.), Manual Vert. North. U.S., Ed. 2: 355; Hay, 1892, Annu. Rep. Dept. Geol. Nat. Res. Indiana for 1891: 476).
Northern Crawfish Frog (Lithobates areolatus circulosus: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 78; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 349; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 12; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 13; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 13; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 7; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 17).
Distribution
East Texas and western Louisiana north through eastern Oklahoma (with an extension into central Arkansas) to eastern Kansas through Missouri to southeastern Iowa, thence east to southwestern Indiana, then south generally east of the Mississippi River to western Kentucky, western Tennessee and much of Mississippi. Absent from the Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas and local throughout southern Arkansas and northern Louisiana, USA.
Comment
In the Rana areolata subgroup of the Rana pipiens group, subgenus Rana as defined by Hillis, Frost, and Wright, 1983, Syst. Zool., 32: 132-143. In the equivalent Rana palustris group of Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42, and Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 332. Reviewed by Altig and Lohoefener, 1983, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 324: 1-4 (including Rana sevosa and Rana capito); see comments under those taxa. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Rana areolata) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 631. Byrd and Hanebrink, 1974, Herpetol. Rev., 5: 69, provided a record for northeastern Arkansas. Plummer, 1977, Herpetol. Rev., 8: 38, provided a record for west-central Arkansas.
External Links
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