Hylarana temporalis (Günther, 1864)
Rana flavescens Jerdon, 1854 "1853", J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 22: 531. Syntypes: ZSIC; reported as lost by Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 67; syntypes are ZSIC 2776-78 according to Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109, although Sclater, 1892, List Batr. Indian Mus.: 9, had ambiguously considered these only "typical of Rana flavescens". Type locality: "Found frequenting mountain streams in the forests only"; by implication in South India. Considered a junior synonym of Rana kuhlii by Theobald, 1868, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 37: 80. Considered a possible synonym of Rana temporalis by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 63. This tentative synonymy continued by Boulenger, 1890, Fauna Brit. India, Rept. Batr.: 459; Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 159; and Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 109, although no author has ever used this name as a senior synonym of Hylorana temporalis.
Hylorana temporalis Günther, 1864, Rept. Brit. India: 427. Syntypes: BMNH 52.2.19.43-44, 58.10.15.5-6, 53.7.19.11, and 58.10.15.18 (5 specimens according to museum records and Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 164, although description only mentions 4 specimens--DRF). Type locality: "Ceylon" (= Sri Lanka).
Hylorana flavescens — Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 83.
Rana temporalis — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 63.
Rana (Hylorana) temporalis — Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 127-130.
Rana (Hylorana) gracilis montanus Rao, 1922, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 28: 439. Holotype: BMNH. Type locality: "Hill forests of Bhagamandla", India. Synonymy by Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 158, 164.
Rana (Hylorana) intermedius Rao, 1937, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Ser. B, 6: 394. Holotype: CCB; now lost according to Dubois, 1984, Alytes, 3: 157. Type locality: "Saklespur, Hassan District, Mysore State", India. Synonymy by Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 341.
Rana (Hylarana) temporalis — Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 42. by implication.
Rana (Sylvirana) temporalis — Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326.
Hylarana temporalis — Chen, Murphy, Lathrop, Ngo, Orlov, Ho, and Somorjai, 2005, Herpetol. J., 15: 237. by implication; Che, Pang, Zhao, Wu, Zhao, and Zhang, 2007, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 43: 3; by implication.
Sylvirana temporalis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 370. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 34. See comment under Ranidae record.
English Names
Bronzed Frog (Daniel and Sekar, 1989, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 86: 197; Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 66; Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 239).
Bronze Frog (Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 80).
Kerala Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 109).
Rao's Brown-coloured Frog (Rana intermedius [no longer recognized]: Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 115).
Bronxe Frog (Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 135).
Common Wood Frog (Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 241; De Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 91).
Distribution
Western Ghats of southwestern India (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Karnataka), 200-1800 m elevation; wet forests of central and southwestern Sri Lanka, 60-1830 m elevation.
Comment
Prior to the revision of Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, placed in the Section Hylarana, subsection Hydrophylax, subgenus Sylvirana of Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 326. See accounts (under Rana temporalis) by Boulenger, 1920, Rec. Indian Mus., 20: 159; Kirtisinghe, 1957, Amph. Ceylon: 45-48, Inger, Shaffer, Koshy, and Bakde, 1985 "1984", J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 81: 551; Daniel and Sekar, 1989, J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., 86: 197, and Dutta and Manamendra-Arachchi, 1996, Amph. Fauna Sri Lanka: 126-129. Biju, 2001, Occas. Publ. Indian Soc. Conserv. Biol., 1: 17, suggested that this species shows large amounts of intraspecific variation and needs revision. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 115, provided a brief account (as Rana intermedius) and, on page 135-136 (as Rana temporalis). Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 164-165, provided a range, systematic comments, and partial taxonomic bibliography. Daniels, 2005, Amph. Peninsular India: 239-241, provided an account. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Rana temporalis) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 633, who provide a personal communication from S.D. Biju that the Indian population represents and unnamed species. De Silva, 2009, Amph. Rep. Sri Lanka Photograph. Guide: 91, provided a brief account and color photograph for Sri Lanka. Bopage, Wewalwala, Krvavac, Jovanovic, Safarek, and Pushpamal, 2011, Salamandra, 47: 173-177, reported the species in lowland forest in the Kanneliya Forest of southwestern Sri Lanka.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
