Anaxyrus punctatus (Baird and Girard, 1852)
Bufo punctatus Baird and Girard, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 173. Syntypes: USNM; USNM 2618 (3 specimens) according to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 62, and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 37. Type locality: "Rio San Pedro [Devil's River] of the Rio Grande Del Norte", Val Verde County, Texas, USA.
Bufo beldingi Yarrow, 1882, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus., 5: 441. Syntypes: USNM 12660 (total of 6 specimens); note that USNM 1267 (4 specimens), also noted in the original publication, were not labelled in the original publication as 'type' although Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 163, did so list them. One syntype exchanged to BMNH (BMNH 12660) according to Korky, 1999, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 689: 1. Type locality: "La Paz, [Baja] Cal[ifornia]. [del Sur]", Mexico. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1883, Zool. Rec., 19: 23; Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 5, 11: 19.
Anaxyrus punctatus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.
English Names
Belding's Toad (Bufo beldingi [no longer recognized]: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 23).
Spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus: Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22; Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 50; Storer, 1925, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 27: 43; Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 446).
Desert Toad (Bufo punctatus: Stebbins, 1951, Amph. W. North Am.: 280).
Red-spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus: Slevin, 1928, Occas. Pap. California Acad. Sci., 16: 100; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 64; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 62; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 314; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 10; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 17; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 11; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 8; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 214; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 4; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 8; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 6; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 13).
Baird's Spotted Toad (Bufo punctatus: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 43).
Canyon Toad (Bufo punctatus: Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: x).
Distribution
Southeastern California through southern Nevada and southern Utah to southern Colorado (excluding high elevations) and western Kansas (USA), thence south to southern Baja California, Sinaloa, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosí, and Tamaulipas (Mexico).
Comment
In the Bufo punctatus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 53. In the more inclusive Bufo debilis group of Ferguson and Lowe, 1969, Am. Midl. Nat., 81: 435-466, who discussed relationships with Anayxrus kelloggi, Anayxrus debilis, and Anayxrus retiformis (as Bufo). See account by Korky, 1999, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 689: 1-5. Grismer, 2002, Amph. Rept. Baja California: 69-72, provided an account for the Baja California population. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 214-215, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Bryson, Jaeger, Lemos-Espinal, and Lazcano, 2012, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 64: 393-400. provided a molecular tree of population histories suggesting that the Baja California population is the sister taxon of the Sonora desert + Chihuahan Desert (+ Colorado Plateau) populations.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
