Anaxyrus debilis (Girard, 1854)
Bufo debilis Girard, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7: 87. Syntypes: Not formally designated, but USNM 2621 (8 specimens) and 2620 (lost) according to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 52 (but see Bogert, 1962, Am. Mus. Novit., 2100: 1-2, and Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 33, who listed only 7 specimens). Type locality: "lower part of the valley of the Rio Bravo (Rio Grande del Norte), and in the province [state] of Tamaulipas", Mexico; discussed by Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 51-52, who noted that the data associated with USNM 2620 are "between the Salado River (which empties into the Rio Grande near the town of Guerrero in Tamaulipas) and Camargo in Tamaulipas", Mexico and that 2621 (originally a lot of 8 newly metamorphosed young) are from "Matamoros in the State of Tamaulipas", Mexico. Erroneously reported as restricted to vicinity of Brownsville, Texas, USA, by Sanders and Smith, 1951, Field and Laboratory, 19: 142, by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 63, and Frost, 1985, Amph. Species World: 43, according to Flores-Villela, 1993, Spec. Publ. Carnegie Mus. Nat. Hist., 17: 70.
Bufo insidior Girard, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7: 87-88. Syntypes: USNM 2622 (2 specimens), according to Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 52 (but see Bogert, 1962, Am. Mus. Novit., 2100: 1-2). Type locality: "in Chihuahua . . . by Thos. H. Webb, attached to ... the survey of the U.S. and Mex. boundary line", Mexico. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 289; Cope, 1886, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 23: 514.
Bufo insidior — Taylor, 1938 "1936", Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 24: 505-537.
Bufo debilis insidior — Smith, 1950, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 2: 75.
Bufo debilis debilis — Smith, 1950, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 2: 75.
Anaxyrus debilis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.
Anaxyrus debilis debilis — Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 3).
Anaxyrus debilis insidior — Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 3).
English Names
Sonora Toad (Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 22).
Dwarf Toad (Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 443).
Green Toad (Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 63; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 65; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 10; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 17; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 11; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 7; Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 217; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 3; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 7; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 6).
Little Green Toad (Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 50; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: x; Stebbins, 1951, Amph. W. North Am.: 259).
Chihuahuan Green Toad (Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 12).
Eastern Chihuahuan Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis debilis: Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 12).
Little Green Toad (Bufo debilis debilis: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 63; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176).
Eastern Green Toad (Bufo debilis debilis: Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 314; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 10; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 17; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 11; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 7; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 3; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 8; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 6).
Western Chihuahuan Green Toad (Anaxyrus debilis insidior: Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 12).
Western Green Toad (Bufo debilis insidior: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 63; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 65; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 314; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 10; Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 17; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 11; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 7; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 3; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 8; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 6).
Distribution
Southeastern Arizona east through much of southern and eastern New Mexico to eastern Colorado and southwestern Kansas (USA) and south through central and western Texas to Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Durango, and Zacatecas (Mexico).
Comment
In the Bufo debilis group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 53. See comment under Anaxyrus punctatus. See accounts in Sanders and Smith, 1951, Field and Laboratory, 19: 141-160, and Bogert, 1962, Am. Mus. Novit., 2100: 1-37. The nominal subspecies (Anaxyrus debilis debilis and Anaxyrus debilis insidior) are unlikely to be more than arbitrarily defined sections of clines (DRF). Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 217, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Farr, Lazcano, and Lavín-Murcio, 2009, Herpetol. Rev., 40: 459-467, provided new records for Tamaulipas, Mexico, and commented on the range.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
