Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Bufo cinereus Hallowell, 1845, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 2: 169. Type(s): Not stated but presumably originally in the ANSP; presumably in existence by implication of statement by Perret and Amiet, 1971 "1970", Ann. Fac. Sci. Cameroun, 5: 48, that M. Tandy had discovered that the syntypic series contained more than one species. Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 54, noted that the four specimens in the ANSP (presumably those considered by Tandy) labelled as syntypes were not types. Type locality: not stated, although implied to be from Liberia. Junior homonym of Bufo cinereus Schneider, 1799.

Bufo maculatus Hallowell, 1854, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7: 101. Replacement name for Bufo cinereus Hallowell, 1846. Potentional secondary homonym of Bombinator maculatus Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 178.

Bufo regularis maculatus — Loveridge, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser., 22: 81. Perret, 1966, Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Syst., 93: 320.

Bufo regularis pusillus Mertens, 1937, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 435: 17. Holotype: SMF 22247 by original designation and according to Mertens, 1967, Senckenb. Biol., 48(A): 40. Type locality: "Leteba-Camp, [Kruger National Park,] Gr. Letaba-River, Ost Transvaal", Limpopo Province, South Africa. Synonymy of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 119-170.

Bufo pusillus — Pienaar, 1963, Koedoe, 6: 78. Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 53; Poynton, 1969 "1966", Mem. Inst. Invest. Cient. Moçambique, Ser. A, Cienc. Biol., 8: 15.

Bufo latifrons savannae Inger, 1968, Explor. Parc Natl. Garamba, Miss. H. de Saeger, 52: 30. Holotype: MRAC 73067 B 765, by original designation. Type locality: "source of the Nabakoyo River, Parc National de la Garamba, Congo [= Dem. Rep. Congo], at approximately 750 m". Synonymy by Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159.

Bufo maculatus pusillus — Hulselmans, 1970, Rev. Zool. Bot. Afr., 81: 149-154.

Bufo maculatus — Laurent, 1972, Explor. Parc Natl. Virunga, Ser. 2, 22: 4.

Amietophrynus maculatus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.

English Names

Merten's Striped Toad (Pienaar, 1963, Koedoe, 6: 78).

Lesser Square-marked Toad (Broadley, 1971, Puku, 6: 108; Broadley, 1973, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 10: 22; Passmore and Carruthers, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 4; Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 70).

Flat-backed Toad (Stewart and Wilson, 1966, Ann. Natal Mus., 18: 298; Passmore and Carruthers, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 4; Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 70; Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 84; Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 78; Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.:146).

Striped Toad (Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 70).

Spotted Toad (Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 14).

Lesser Cross-marked Toad (Bufo pusillus: Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 52).

Hallowell's Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 42).

Distribution

Generally in humid savanna and forest-edge from southern Guinea and Liberia eastwards through South Sudan (possibly into extreme southern Sudan) to one locality in southwestern Ethiopia and southward (around the Congo Basin) through Uganda, western and southern Kenuya, Tanzania, eastern Dem. Re,. Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, northern Botswana and most to Angola to northeastern South Africa, northern Botswana and northern Namibia; possibly in southern Mali, Equatorial Guinea, southern Chad .

Comment

In the Bufo maculatus group of Martin, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 61, and Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Removed from the synonymy of Bufo regularis by Laurent, 1972, Explor. Parc Natl. Virunga, Ser. 2, 22: 15. See comment under Bufo danielae. Angola records in Poynton and Haacke, 1993, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 36: 1-16. Poynton and Broadley, 1988, Ann. Natal Mus., 29: 460-463, discussed the uncertainty of the synonymy of Bufo pusillus, citing immunological evidence of Maxson, 1981, Herpetologica, 37: 96-104. See also Lambiris, 1988, Lammergeyer, 39: 51, who recognized Bufo pusillus, and Channing, 1989, Lammergeyer, 40: 1, who disputed Lamiris' conclusion. Rödel, 2000, Herpetofauna W. Afr., 1: 47-53, Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 84, Lötters, Wagner, Bwong, Schick, Malonza, Muchai, Wasonga, and Veith, 2007, Fieldguide Amph. Rept. Kakamega Forest: 14-15, and Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 146-147, provided accounts. See Largen, 2001, Tropical Zool., 14: 320-321, for comments on distribution. Frétey and Blanc, 2001, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 126: 380, reported this species from Gabon. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 85-86, provided an account. Wanger, 2005, Salamandra, 41: 27-33, provided Gambia records. Boycott, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 69-71, provided an account for South Africa. Emms, Jambang, Bah, Mankali, Rödel, and Barnett, 2005, Herpetol. Bull., London, 94: 6-16, provided records for Gambia. Pickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 541-545, provided a discussion of biology and taxonomy and doubted the distinctiveness of Bufo pusillus. Jackson and Blackburn, 2007, Salamandra, 43: 149-164, provided a record for Nouabale-Ndoki National Park, Rep. Congo. Jacobsen, 2009, Afr. Herp News, 47: 2-20, reported this species from east-north-central Central African Republic. See account (as Bufo maculatus), photograph, and map for Ethiopia by Largen and Spawls, 2010, Amph. Rept. Ethiopia Eritrea: 82-83. Mercurio, 2011, Amph. Malawi: 122-126, provided an account for Malawi.

External Links

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• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML