Amietophrynus gutturalis (Power, 1927)
Bufo spinosus Bocage, 1868 "1867", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1867: 845. Holotype: MBL 324, not located in MBL by Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 18, and would have been destroyed in 1978 fire. Type locality: "Benguella"; corrected to Dombe, Benguella, Angola by Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 18. Formerly considered a synonym of Bufo regularis by Boulenger, 1881 "1880", Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1880: 560; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 299. Preoccupied by Bufo spinosus Daudin, 1803. Synonymy by Perret, 1976, Arq. Mus. Bocage, Ser. 2, 6: 18.
Bufo regularis gutturalis Power, 1927, Trans. R. Soc. S. Afr., 14: 416. Syntypes: MMK (originally 4 specimens, now presumably 3) and MCZ 15403 (on exchange from MMK, according to Barbour and Loveridge, 1946, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 96: 84). Type localities: "Lobatsi" and "Kuruman", Botswana-Northern Cape Province border, Rep. South Africa.
Bufo regularis gutteralis — Loveridge, 1929, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 151: 93. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Bufo regularis ngamiensis FitzSimons, 1932, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 15: 40. Holotype: TMP (formerly Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition 1283), by original designation. Type locality: "Motlhatlogo, Ngamiland", Botswana. Synonymy by Poynton and Broadley, 1988, Ann. Natal Mus., 29: 452-453.
Bufo ngamiensis — Poynton, 1964, Ann. Natal Mus., 17: 55.
Bufo gutturalis — Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 68.
Amietophrynus gutturalis — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363.
English Names
Marbled Toad (Pienaar, 1963, Koedoe, 6: 78).
Common Toad (Wager, 1965, Frogs S. Afr.: 102; Passmore and Carruthers, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 4; Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 68).
Common African Toad (Passmore and Carruthers, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 4).
Guttural Toad (Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 68; Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 74; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 39; Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 76; Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 142).
Square-marked Toad (Passmore and Carruthers, 1978, J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr., 19: 4; Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 68).
Leopard Toad (Passmore and Carruthers, 1979, S. Afr. Frogs: 68).
Greater Cross-marked Toad (Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 52).
Lobatsi Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 41).
Flat-backed Toad (Du Preez, Weldon, Cunningham, and Turner, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 69)
Distribution
Southeastern Uganda eastward to coastal Kenya and Tanzania, possibly to southern Somalia, south to the eastern part of the Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal (Rep. South Africa), highveld areas of Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, northern Namibia, and Angola; Reunion and Mauritius Islands (introduced).
Comment
In the Bufo regularis group of Tandy and Keith, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 159. Angola records in Poynton and Haacke, 1993, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 36: 1-16. See Poynton and Broadley, 1988, Ann. Natal Mus., 29: 452-453, Lambiris, 1990 "1989", Monogr. Mus. Reg. Sci. Nat. Torino, 10: 52, and Channing, 2001, Amph. Cent. S. Afr.: 74-77, for accounts. See Tiervengandum and Bour, 1985, Atoll Res. Bull., 292: 49-60, for Mascarene introductions. Lanza, 1990, Biogeographia, 14: 409, suggested that this species might occur in southern Somalia. Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 146, reported on introduced population on Mauritius. Channing and Howell, 2006, Amph. E. Afr.: 76-78, provided an account for East Africa. Du Preez, Weldon, Cunningham, and Turner, 2004, in Minter et al. (eds.), Atlas Frogs S. Afr. Lesotho and Swaziland: 69-71, and Du Preez and Carruthers, 2009, Compl. Guide Frogs S. Afr.: 142-143, provided accounts for South Africa. Pickersgill, 2007, Frog Search: 525-532, provided an account and noted (pp. 532-535) a population from Cintsa Bay, Rep. South Africa, that he thought might be taxonomically distinctive. Bates and Haacke, 2003, Navors. Nas. Mus. Bloemfontein, 19: 120-121, discussed the species in Lesotho. Mercurio, 2011, Amph. Malawi: 116-121, provided an account for Malawi. Measey, Malonza, and Muchai, 2009, Amph. Taita Hills: 29-31, provided a brief account and photo for the Taita Hills, Kenya.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
