Kaloula borealis (Barbour, 1908)
Cacopoides borealis Barbour, 1908, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 51: 321. Holotype: MCZ 2436, by original designation. Type locality: "Antung [= Dandong Shi, Liaoning Province], Manchuria", China.
Callula tornieri Vogt, 1913, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin, 1913: 219. Holotype: ZMB. Type locality: "Korea". Synonymy suggested by Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54; made by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 82.
Kaloula borealis — Noble, 1925, Am. Mus. Novit., 165: 1-17.
Kaloula wolterstorffi Stejneger, 1925, J. Washington Acad. Sci., 15: 151. Holotype: UMMZ 60310, by original designation and according to Peters, 1952, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 539: 18. Type locality: "Nanking [= Nanjing Shi], province of Kiangsu [= Jiangsu], China". Synonymy suggested by Schmidt, 1927, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 54; made by Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 82.
Cacopoides tornieri — Mori, 1927, Handlist Manchurian E. Mongol. Vert.: 146. Okada, 1927, Copeia, 158: 171; Okada, 1928, Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. J., 6: 25.
Kaloula tornieri — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 26.
Kaloula wolterstorffi — Shaw, 1929, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., 1: 97. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Kaloula manchuriensis Boring and Liu, 1932, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 6: 21. Holotype: Boring Coll.; now either destroyed or in FMNH. Type locality: "under a stone at the Eastern Tomb outside of Mukden [= Shenyang Shi]", Liaoning Province, China. Synonymy by Boring, 1936, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 10: 346.
English Names
Manchurian Narrowmouth Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 90).
Digging Frog(Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 36).
Rain Frog(Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 36).
Manchurian Digging Frog(Boring, Liu, and Chou, 1932, Handb. N. China, Amph. Rept.: 38).
Boreal Digging Frog (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 300).
Distribution
Central (eastern Gansu) and northern and northeastern China; Korea and Cheju I.
Comment
See accounts by Pope, 1931, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 61: 587; and Liu and Hu, 1961, Tailless Amph. China: 288-289. See Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 161, for comment on the type locality. See accounts by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 348; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 300-301. Lee, Yang, Kim, Lee, Lee, Yang, and Lee, 2000, Korean J. Genet., 22: 133-140, and Yang, Kim, Min, Suh, and Kang, 2000, Korean J. Biol. Sci., 4: 39-44, reported on low genetic variation among Chinese and Korean populations. Huang, 1990, Fauna Zhejiang, Amph. Rept.: 94, provided an account for Zhejiang populations. Yang, Kim, Min, and Suh, 2001, Monogr. Korean Amph.: 58-59, provided a brief account, figure, and map for South Korea. Fan, Guo, and Liu, 1998, Amph. Rept. Shanxi Prov.: 78-80, provided an account for Shanxi. Das, Sengupta, Ahmed, and Dutta, 2005, Hamadryad, 29: 105, recognized Kaloula manchuriensis as distinct, but the comparison was indirect to Kaloula borealis, so it is not clear why this elevation was effected. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 936-940, provided an account and spot map for China and assigned this species to their Kaloula verrucosa group. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 494, provided a brief account for China including photographs of specimens and habitat.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
