Gastrophryne olivacea (Hallowell, 1856)
Engystoma olivaceum Hallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8: 252. Type(s): Not stated; according to Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 122: 1, ANSP 2745 is probably the holotype. Type locality: "Kansas and Nebraska", USA; restricted to "Kansas, Geary Co., Fort Riley", USA, by Smith and Taylor, 1950, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 33: 358; restricted to "vicinity of Lawrence, [Douglas County,] Kansas", USA, by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 77.
Engystoma texense Girard, 1859, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 11: 169. Syntypes: Not stated; USNM 2644 (2 specimens) according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 48. Type locality: "procured in Texas"; given by Stejneger and Barbour, 1933, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 3: 43, as "Rio Seco, near D'Hanis, Medina Co., Texas", USA; listed as "Rio Seco, Medina County, Texas", USA, according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 48. Synonymy (with Engystoma carolinense sensu lato) by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 162, and Cope, 1889, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 34: 385. Synonymy by Smith, 1933, Copeia, 1933: 217.
Engystoma areolata Strecker, 1909, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22: 118-119. Holotype: USNM 38999 (formerly J.D. Mitchell 501), according to Cochran, 1961, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 220: 48. Type locality: "Guadalupe River bottom, Victoria County, Texas", USA. Synonymy by Burt, 1938, Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci., 23: 608. Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 122: 1, noted that the type may be a hybrid with Gastrophryne carolinensis.
Gastrophryne areolata — Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 166.
Gastrophryne texana — Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 166.
Gastrophryne texense — Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 47.
Engystoma texensis — Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 65.
Gastrophryne olivacea — Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 501.
Microhyla olivacea — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 147-148.
Microhyla areolata — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 201.
Microhyla carolinensis olivacea — Hecht and Matalas, 1946, Am. Mus. Novit., 1315: 5-7.
Microhyla olivacea olivacea — Langebartel and Smith, 1954, Herpetologica, 10: 126.
Gastrophryne carolinensis olivacea — Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 13.
Gastrophryne olivacea olivacea — Chrapliwy, Williams, and Smith, 1961, Herpetologica, 17: 89.
English Names
Texas Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne texense [no longer recognized]: Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 46; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: xi).
Mitchell's Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne areolata [no longer recognized]: Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 47; Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: xi).
Western Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea: Smith, 1934, Am. Midl. Nat., 15: 501; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 5; Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 14; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 15).
Great Plains Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea: Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 77; Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Stebbins, 1966, Field Guide W. North Am. Rept. Amph.: 78; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 335; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 9).
Great Plains Narrowmouth Toad (Gastrophryne olivacea: Liner, 1994, Herpetol. Circ., 23: 22; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 89; Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 11; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 12; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8).
Distribution
extreme southern Nebraska east and south through central Missouri south through Oklahoma and much of Texas (USA) west and south to Chihuahua, Durango, Tamaulipas, and San Luis Potosí (Mexico); isolated records in southwestern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado and isolated records in western Arkansas (USA).
Comment
Reviewed by Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 122: 1-4; details of distribution given by Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 129-130. Stebbins, 2003, Field Guide W. Rept. Amph., Ed. 3: 243-244, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Makowsky, Chesser, and Rissler, 2009, Genetica, 135: 169-183, reported a striking lack of molecular variation among populations. Geluso and Wright, 2010, Herpetol. Rev., 41: 103, provided a record for southern Nebraska, USA, and commented on the range.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
