Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Engystoma carolinense Holbrook, 1835, Am. Herpetol. Descr. Rept. U.S.: unpaginated. Holotype: Frog figured on pl. 10, of the original publication. Type locality: not designated but given as "never been found north of Charleston [South Carolina]; its exact range extending westward to the Lower Mississippi. . . ", USA, by Holbrook, 1836, N. Am. Herpetol., 1: 83. Description by indication in a advertising brochure.

Engystoma carolinense Holbrook, 1836, N. Am. Herpetol., 1: 83. Type(s): Frog figured in pl. 11 (mislabelled 10) of the original publication; ANSP 1455-57 are syntypes according to Malnate, 1971, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 123: 349. Type locality: "never been found north of Charleston [South Carolina]; its exact range extending westward to the Lower Mississippi. . . ", USA; data with syntypes is "South Carolina", USA; restricted to "Charleston, South Carolina", USA by Stejneger and Barbour, 1933, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 3: 43.

Stenocephalus carolinensis — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 86.

Engystoma rugosum Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 744. Holotype: MNHNP 5032, according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 62. Type locality: "parties meridonales de l'America du Nord"; restricted to "Nouvelle-Orleans" by, Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 62, who apparently was presenting collection data for the type; restricted to "vicinity of Charleston", South Carolina, USA, by Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 77. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 6, 8: 453-457.

Gastrophryne rugosum — Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33.

Engystoma carolinense — Strecker, 1909, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 22: 116.

Gastrophryne carolinensis — Stejneger, 1910, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 23: 166.

Gastrophryne carolinense — Strecker, 1915, Baylor Bull., 18: 46.

Engystoma carolinensis — Nieden, 1926, Das Tierreich, 49: 64.

Microhyla carolinensis — Parker, 1934, Monogr. Frogs Fam. Microhylidae: 126.

Gastrophryne carolinensis carolinensis — Carvalho, 1954, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 555: 13.

English Names

Carolina Tree Frog (Yarrow, 1882, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 24: 23).

Nebulous Toad (Rhoads, 1895, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 47: 396).

Toothless Frog (Brimley, 1907, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 23: 157).

Narrow-mouthed Toad (Dickerson, 1906, The Frog Book: 166; Brimley, 1915, J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 30: 7; Carr, 1940, Univ. Florida Biol. Sci. Ser., 3: 68; Schmidt, 1953, Check List N. Am. Amph. Rept., Ed. 6: 77).

Carolina Narrow-mouthed Toad (Wright and Wright, 1933, Handb. Frogs Toads U.S. Canada: xi).

Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Conant, Cagle, Goin, Lowe, Neill, Netting, Schmidt, Shaw, Stebbins, and Bogert, 1956, Copeia, 1956: 176; Conant, 1975, Field Guide Rept. Amph. E. Cent. N. Am., Ed. 2: 334; Crother, Boundy, Campbell, de Queiroz, Frost, Highton, Iverson, Meylan, Reeder, Seidel, Sites, Taggart, Tilley, and Wake, 2001 "2000", Herpetol. Circ., 29: 9; Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 5; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 15).

Eastern Narrowmouth Toad (Collins, Huheey, Knight, and Smith, 1978, Herpetol. Circ., 7: 11; Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 89; Collins, 1997, Herpetol. Circ., 25: 12; Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 8).

Distribution

Southeastern USA from southern Florida to eastern Maryland thence west to central Missouri, extreme southeastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and East Texas; introduced on northwestern Puerto Rico, Grand Bahama I., Grand Cayman I., and possibly on New Providence I.

Comment

Reviewed by Nelson, 1972, Cat. Am. Amph. Rept., 120: 1-4; details of distribution in Nelson, 1972, J. Herpetol., 6: 125-128. Jacobs, 1973, HISS News J., 1: 98, provided the first record for Grand Bahama Island. Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 299, discussed the introduced populations. Trueb, Diaz, and Blackburn, 2011, Phyllomedusa, 10: 99-135, reported on comparative skeletal morphology and referred to unpublished data of I. Greenbaum that reportedly places Altigius, Myersiella, Syncope, and Melaphryne within Gastrophryninae.

External Links

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• For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
• For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
• To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
• For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
• For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
• For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
• for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
• For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos