Xenophrys major (Boulenger, 1908)
Xenophrys gigas Jerdon, 1870, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 1870: 85. Types: not stated; although ZSIC (4 specimens); ZSIC 9670, 9681, 10777, 10779 reported by Chanda, Das, and Dubois, 2001 "2000", Hamadryad, 25: 102. Type locality: "Darjeeling", West Bengal, India. Given as "Khasi Hills, Darjeeling", West Bengal, India, by Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 20. Junior secondary homonym of Megalophrys gigas Blyth, 1854 (= Paa liebigii), when in Megophrys.
Megalophrys major Boulenger, 1908, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1908: 416. Replacement name for Xenophrys gigas Jerdon, 1870.
Megophrys major — Gee and Boring, 1929, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 4: 20. Pope and Boring, 1940, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 28; Smith, 1940, Rec. Indian Mus., 42: 469.
Megophrys longipes maosonensis Bourret, 1937, Annexe Bull. Gen. Instr. Publique, Hanoi, 1937: 12. Syntype(s): Lab. Sci. Univ. Hanoi; now presumably in MNHNP. Type localities: "Mao-Son" (5 specimens) and "Chapa" (8 specimens), Vietnam. Synonymy by Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 199.
Xenophrys major — Ohler, 2003, Alytes, 21: 23. by implication; Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 17.
English Names
Anderson's Spadefoot Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 86 [as Megophrys lateralis]).
Anderson's Pelobatid Toad (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 63 [as Megophrys lateralis]).
White-lipped Horned Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 108 as Megophrys lateralis]).
Doi Suthep Spine-eyed Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 87).
Doi Suthep Horn Frog (Nutphund, 2001, Amph. Thailand: 87).
Great Stream Horned Frog (Chan-ard, 2003, Photograph. Guide Amph. Thailand: 84).
Major's Horned toad (Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 55).
Distribution
Yunnan, Guangdong, Hunan, southern Guangxi, and Hongkong, China (presumably also in adjacent Fujian); northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Nagaland); northern Myanmar; northwestern Thailand; highlands of Laos and Vietnam and extreme northeastern Cambodia (see comment).
Comment
Considered a synonym of Ixalus lateralis (now Leptolalax lateralis) by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 43, and Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 119. Fei and Ye, 2000, Cultum Herpetol. Sinica, 8: 59-63, discussed the taxonomy of this species as well as its confusion with Ixalus lateralis Anderson, 1871, and noted that the stated distribution is highly provisonal. Much of the literature of this species refers to it erreoneously as Megophrys lateralis (e.g., Pope and Boring, 1940, Peking Nat. Hist. Bull., 15: 28; Bourret, 1942, Batr. Indochine: 199; Liu, 1950, Fieldiana, Zool. Mem., 2: 180; Dubois, 1980, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 49: 469-482; Rao and Yang, 1997, Asiat. Herpetol. Res., 7: 98; Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 14; Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 168, and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 108-109; Sarkar and Ray, 2006, In Alfred (ed.), Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Part 1: 292-293). Orlov, Murphy, Ananjeva, Ryabov, and Ho, 2002, Russ. J. Herpetol., 9: 83, commented on nomenclature and implicitly did not accept the arrangement of Fei and Ye, using instead the name Megophrys lateralis. See also brief accounts (as Megophrys lateralis) by Zhao and Yang, 1997, Amph. Rept. Hengduan Mountains Region: 43-44, and Dutta, 1997, Amph. India Sri Lanka: 37. Stuart, 2005, Herpetol. Rev., 36: 474, provided Laos records (as Megophrys major). Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1117-1125, provided a specific locality for Nagaland, northeastern India. Ningombam and Bordoloi, 2007, Zoos' Print J., 22: 2688-2690, provided a record for Manipur, northeastern India. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 29-30, provided a brief account (as Megophrys lateralis) for Yunnan, China. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 370-376, provided an account and spot map for China. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 55-56, provided a brief characterization and photographs. Stuart, Rowley, Thy, Emmett, and Sitha, 2010, Cambodian J. Nat. Hist., 2010: 38-47, provided a record for northeastern Cambodia. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 194-195, provided a brief account (as Megophrys major) including photographs. See comment under Leptolalax lateralis.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
