Leptobrachium ailaonicum (Yang, Chen, and Ma, 1983)
Vibrissaphora ailaonica Yang, Chen, and Ma In Yang, Ma, Chen, and Li, 1983, Acta Zootaxon. Sinica, 8: 325. Holotype: KIZ 8200490, by original designation. Type locality: "Xujiaba, Mt. Ailao, Jingdong County, Yunnan, altitude 2400 m", China.
Leptobrachium (Leptobrachium) ailaonicum — Dubois, 1983, Alytes, 2: 148.
Vibrissaphora ailaonica — Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 125.
Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) echinatum Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 4. Holotype: MNHNP 1998.0116, by original designation. Type locality: "Fan Si Pan mountain range (22° 19′ N, 103° 47′; 2090 m), near Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam". Synonymy by Zheng, Li, and Fu, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 704.
Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) ailaonicum — Dubois and Ohler, 1998, Dumerilia, 4: 26. Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 12 Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun, Shimada, Norhayati, Daicus, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 269.
Vibrissaphora echinata — Frost, 2004, Amph. Spec. World Online, vers. 3.0: . Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 443.
Leptobrachium (Vibrissaphora) echinatum — Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean, and Ohler, 2006, Alytes, 24: 12. Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun, Shimada, Norhayati, Daicus, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 269.
Leptobrachium ailaonicum — Rao and Wilkinson, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 69.
Leptobrachium echinatum — Rao and Wilkinson, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 69.
English Names
Ailao Spiny Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 87).
Ailao Moustache Toad (Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 94).
Yunnan Moustach Toad (Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 16).
Distribution
West of the Red River on Mount Ailao and the ridgeline including Mount Wuliang in Yunnan, China, and Fan-Si-Pan in northern Vietnam, 1900-2500 m elevations; east of the Red River in Wenshan and Pingbian, Yunnan, presumably in associated high elevation areas.
Comment
Related to Vibrissaphora boringii, according to the original publication. See account by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China 149. See also redescription and Vietnam record by Ho, Lathrop, Murphy, and Orlov, 1999, Russ. J. Herpetol., 6: 48-54. Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 94-95, provided a brief account, figure, and map. Nguyen, Ho, and Nguyen, 2005, Checklist Amph. Rept. Vietnam: 16, provided specific localities for Vietnam (including Leptobrachium echinatum as a synonym) and (p. 147) a photograph. In the Vibrissaphora boringii group of Fei, Ye, Huang, Jiang, and Xie, 2005, Illust. Key Chinese Amph.: 70. Ho, Lathrop, Murphy, and Orlov, 1999, Russ. J. Herpetol., 6: 48-64, suggested that Vibrissaphora echinata species is a synonym of Vibrissaphora ailaonica although Ohler, Marquis, Swan, and Grosjean, 2000, Herpetozoa, 13: 78-79, rejected this. But, the molecular evidence of Zheng, Li, and Fu, 2008, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 46: 704, confirmed the synonymy. Yang, 2008, in Yang and Rao (ed.), Amph. Rept. Yunnan: 37, provided a brief account for Yunnan, China. See map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status (as Vibrissaphora echinata) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 443. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 625. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 2: 267-273, provided an account (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) and a spot map. Zhang, Rao, Yang, Yu, and Wilkinson, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 54: 47-58, reported on molecular phylogeography and suggested that it may be composed of more than one species. Matsui, Hamidy, Murphy, Khonsue, Yambun, Shimada, Norhayati, Daicus, and Jiang, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 56: 268, noted that the low divergence level between nominal Leptobrachium echinatum and Leptobrachium ailaonicum was not strong evidence for species status. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 161, provided a brief account (as Vibrissaphora ailaonica) including photographs of specimens and habitat.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
