Eleutherodactylus octavioi Bokermann, 1965, Copeia, 1965: 440. Holotype: WCAB 14470, by original designation (now in MZUSP). Type locality: "Estrada da Cascatinha, Tijuca Mountains, 350 m, Rio de Janeiro, state of Guanabara [now Rio de Janeiro], Brazil".
Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) octavioi — Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 229.
Ischnocnema octavioi — Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Suppl. Inform., 104: 15.
Octavio's Robber Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 77).
Vicinity of the type locality (vicinity of Rio de Janeiro) and the municipality of Casimiro de Abreu, state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as Matilde, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
In the Eleutherodactylus (Eleutherodactylus) binotatus series, Eleutherodactylus binotatus group according to Lynch and Duellman, 1997, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist. Spec. Publ., 23: 229. Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 84, provided a brief account and photo. In the Ischnocnema guentheri species series of Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 27; Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 27. Vrcibradic, Almeida-Gomes, Van Sluys, and Rocha, 2008, Check List, 4: 103-106, provided a record for Morro São João, a mountain in the municipality of Casimiro de Abreu, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Dantas and Ferreira, 2010, Herpetol. Rev., 41: 103-104, provided a record for Espírito Santo, Brazil, and commented on the range.
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