Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799)
Rana virginica Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 31. Types: Frog illustrated by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: Pl. 75, fig. 4, by original designation. Type locality: Not designated. Considered (as Rana virginica Merrem, a subsequent usage), a synonym of Cystignathus fuscus by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 28, and (under Cystignathus typhonius) by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 402. Junior homonym of Rana virginica Laurenti, 1768.
Rana fusca Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 130. Syntypes: "Museo Lev. Vincentii", "Museo Lampiano", presumed lost; MNHNP 680 designated neotype by Heyer, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 160-162. Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 186-187, noted that some of the original syntypes (location?) are still extant and without study of these, Heyer's neotype designation should not be accepted. Type locality: Implied to be from Surinam; neotype from "Surinam".
Rana typhonia Daudin, 1802 (An. XI), Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 55-56. Syntypes: MNHNP 680 (2 specimens), according to Guibé, 1950 "1948", Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.: 30; MNHNP 680 designated lectotype (and neotype of Rana fusca Schneider, 1799) by Heyer, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 160-162. Type locality: "Amérique meridionale"; given as Surinam by Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 50. Synonymy by Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 402; Heyer, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 160-162. Secondary homonym of Rana typhonia Linnaeus, 1758.
Rana virginica Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 177. Types: Based on frog illustrated by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: Pl. 75, fig. 4 (named as Rana virginica Laurenti, 1768, although not so stated by Merrem), as well as other uses by other authors including Rana typhonia Daudin. Inasmuch as Merrem did not mention Laurenti one could consider this a nomenclatural act, although more likely this is a subsequent usage (DRF).
Rana sibilatrix Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Abbild. Naturgesch. Brasil., Heft 8: pl. 47, fig. 2. Also published by Wied-Neuwied, 1824, Isis von Oken, 14: 671. Types: Including animal figured on pl. 47, fig. 2 of the original; specimens otherwise not designated or located according to Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 30. Type locality: "Ostkuste von Brasiliens . . . . Peruhype bei Villa Viçoz vor, am Mucuri, Caravellas . . .", Brazil. Restricted to "Villa Viçosa am Rio Peruhype", Brazil, by Müller, 1927, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 40: 281. Synonymy (and expressed doubt about restricted type locality) by Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 30. Synonymy with Rana typhonia Daudin by Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 "1861", Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturhist. Foren., Ser. 2, 3: 164, and Steindachner, 1867, Reise Österreichischen Fregatte Novara, Zool., Amph.: 24.
Rana pachypus var. 2 Spix, 1824, Animal. Nova Spec. Nov. Test. Ran. Brasil.: 26. Type(s): Not specifically stated, but including animals figured on pl. 2, figs. 1-2 in the original publication; formerly including ZSM 2503/0, now lost according to Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 356. Type locality: "aquis Parae", Brzil. Synonymy by Peters, 1872, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 199; Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 356.
Leptodactylus typhonia — Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 64.
Leptodactylus sibilatrix — Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 64.
Cystignathus typhonius — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 203.
Cystignathus sibilatrix — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 203.
Cystignathus schomburgkii Troschel, 1848, in Schomburgk (ed.), Reisen Britisch-Guiana, 3: 659. Types: Not designated and presumed lost, according to Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 30. Type locality: "Britisch-Guiana". Synonym with Leptodactylus typhonius by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 240. Tentative synonymy by Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 30.
Cystignathus fuscus — Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 28.
Leptodactylus typhonius — Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 240.
Leptodactylus raniformis Werner, 1899, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 49: 479. Holotype: Originally ZIUG, now ZFMK 28484, according to Böhme and Bischoff, 1984, Bonn. Zool. Monogr., 19: 177. Type locality: "Rio Meta, Llanos (Orocué)", Rio Meta, Colombia. Synonymy by Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 33.
Leptodactylus sibilator — Müller, 1927, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 40: 281. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Leptodactylus sybilatrix — Cei, 1950, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 9: 408. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Leptodactylus sybilator — Cei, 1956, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 3: 48. Incorrect subsequent spelling.
Leptodactylus gualambensis Gallardo, 1964, Rev. Mus. Argent. Cienc. Nat. Bernardino Rivadavia, Cienc. Zool., 9: 46. Holotype: MACN 9752, by original designation. Type locality: "Argentina, Salta, Urundel, 43 Km al Oeste de Orán, Río Santa María". Synonymy by Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 34.
Leptodactylus fuscus — Heyer, 1968, Copeia, 1968: 160-162.
English Names
Rufous Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 81).
Fuscous Foam Frog (Eterovick and Sazima, 2004, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 89).
Lineated Frog (Rana virginica [no longer recognized]: Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 110).
Distribution
Savannas from Panama throughout South America, east of the Andes, south to southern Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentina.
Comment
In the Leptodactylus fuscus group of Heyer, 1978, Sci. Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co., 29: 1-85. See synonymy in Hoogmoed and Gruber, 1983, Spixiana, München, Suppl., 9: 356. See account by Cei, 1980, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Monogr., 2: 333-336. Rana fusca Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 138, is a secondary homonym of Rana fusca— Meyer, 1795, Synops. Rept. Nov. Sist. Gen. Method.: 10 (= Bufo fuscus Laurenti, 1768 [= Pelobates fuscus]). See account by Heyer, Rand, Cruz, Peixoto, and Nelson, 1990, Arq. Zool., São Paulo, 31: 308-309. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 232-233, provided a photo and brief account for French Guiana. Wynn and Heyer, 2002 "2001", Tropical Zool., 14: 255-285, reported on allozymic variation and suggested that this taxon is composed of at least three (and maybe more) species: a) Trinidad-Tobago-French Guiana; b) Panama; c) south of the Amazon. Izecksohn and Carvalho-e-Silva, 2001, Anf. Municipio Rio de Janeiro: 74, provided a brief account and photo. See comments regarding distribution in Venezuela by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 56-57. Heyer and Reid, 2003, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 75: 39-54, noted strong genetic differentiation among populations was not accompanied by congruent geographic patterns of call variation. Kenny, 1969, Stud. Fauna Curaçao and other Caribb. Is., 29: 70-72, and Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 85-86, provided accounts for Trinidad and Tobago. Canelas and Bertoluci, 2007, Iheringia, Zool., 97: 21-26, provided a record for the Serra do Caraça, southern end of the Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Brusquetti and Lavilla, 2006, Cuad. Herpetol., 20: 13, briefly discussed range in Paraguay. Ponssa, 2008, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 46: 249-266. Eterovick and Sazima, 2004, Anf. Serra do Cipó: 89-90, provided a photograph and brief account. Silva, Santos, Alves, Sousa, and Annunziata, 2010, Sitientibus, Ser. Cienc. Biol., 7: 334-340, provided records for Piauí, Brazil. Ugueto and Rivas-Fuenmayor, 2010, Amph. Rep. Margarita Coche Cubagua: 80-83, provided an account for the population on the Venezuelan island of Margarita. Jansen, Bloch, Schulze, and Pfenninger, 2011, Zool. Scripta, 40: 567-583, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence the possibility of a cryptic species in Bolivia. See account for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 228-230.
External Links
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- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
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