Bombina variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rana variegata Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 211. Type(s): Not designated, presumed lost. Type locality: "Exteris regionibus"; restricted to "Schweiz" (= Switzerland) by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16.
Bufo salsus Schrank In Schrank and Moll, 1785, Naturhist. Briefe Oest. Salzburg Passau Berchtesgaden, 1: 308. Type(s): Not designated and presumed lost. Type locality: "Berchtesgaden", Bavaria, Germany. Synonymy by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16.
Rana sonans Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 293, 457. Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Table following page 618, and referencing account starting on page 535. Type(s): Not stated, but including animal figured in vol. 2, pl. 13 of the 16mo edition and plate facing page 534 of 4to edition. Type locality: "Allemagne" (= Germany). Intended as a collective replacement name for Rana campanisona Laurenti, Rana bombina Linnaeus, and Rana variegata Wurffbain (= Rana variegata Linnaeus). Rejected as published in a nonbinominal work by Opinion 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55.
Rana salsa — Gmelin, 1789, Syst. Nat., Ed. 13, 1(3): 1049.
Bombinator brevipes Blasius, 1839, Isis von Oken, 32: 667. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: "am Unterharze, namentlich bei Goslar, in einem Sumpfe am Fusse des Hartzensteins und bei Osterode vorfommend"; given as swamp at foot of Katzenstein at Goslar by Mertens and Wermuth, 1960, Amph. Rept. Europas: 40. Synonymy by Boulenger, 1896, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (261): 1-2.
Bombinator scaber Küster, 1843, Isis von Oken, 36: 656. Type(s): Not designated. Type locality: "Lache bei Cettigne [= Centinje]", Montenegro. Synonymy by Mertens and Müller, 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 451: 7.
Bombina maculatus Gistel, 1868, Die Lurche Europas: 162. Type(s): Not designated or known to exist. Type locality: Regensburg [Bavaria, Germany]. Synonymy by Mertens, 1936, Senckenb. Biol., 18: 76.
Bombina igneus var. brevipes — Koch, 1872, Ber. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 1871-72: 165.
Bombinator pachypus var. Kolombatovici Bedriaga, 1890 "1889", Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, N.S.,, 3: 568. Type(s): ZIM. Type locality: "Dalmatien . . . . Spalato". Synonymy by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16.
Bombinator pachypus var. brevipes — Boulenger, 1896, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, 11 (261): 1-2.
Bombinator pachypus var. nigriventris Dürigen, 1897, Deutschl. Amph. Rept.: 546. Type(s): Not stated and presumed lost. Type locality: "bosnischen Exemplaren . . . [und] Montenegro" (= Bosnia and Montenegro). Synonymy by Gorham, 1974, Checklist World Amph.: 42.
Bombinator variegata — Poche, 1912, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 61: 405.
Bombina salsa — Nikolskii, 1918, Fauna Rossii, Zemnovodnye: 174. Stejneger, 1905, Science, 22: 502; Mertens, 1923, Senckenb. Biol., 5: 214.
Bombina salsa var. csikii Fejérváry, 1922, Mag. Tudom. Akd. Balkan Kutat. Tudomán. Eredm., 1: 24. Syntype(s): MNH 2540.5 (4 specimens; Ipek) 2540.6 (1 specimen; Mt. Korab), 2561.3 (1 specimen; Kula Lums), by original designation. Type localities: "Ipek", "Mount Korab collected, at 1800 m.", and "Kula Lums (from the banks of the Luma)", Albania; restricted to "Ipek, Albanien" by Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16. Synonymy with Bombina variegata scabra by Mertens and Müller, 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 451: 7.
Bombina variegata — Mertens, 1928, Z. Morphol. Ökol. Tiere, 11: 614.
Bombina variegata variegata — Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16.
Bombina variegata csikii — Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16. Considered a junior synonym of Bombina variegata scabra by Mertens and Müller, 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 451: 7.
Bombina variegata kolombatovici — Mertens and Müller, 1928, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 41: 16.
Bombina variegata gracilis Bolkay, 1929, Glasn. Zemaljskog Muz. Bosni Hercegov., 41: 2. Holotype: Mus. Bosn. Hercegov. (presumably ZMBH). Type locality: "Zabrgje [= Zabre] (Northeastern Bosnia)", .
Bombina variegata scabra — Müller, 1940, Mitt. König. Naturwiss. Inst. Sofia, 13: 1. Mertens and Müller, 1940, Abh. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges., 451: 7.
Bombina (Bombina) variegata — Tian and Hu, 1985, Acta Herpetol. Sinica, Chengdu, N.S.,, 4 (3): 219-224. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 97.
English Names
Saline Frog (Rana salsa [no longer recognized]: Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 119).
Yellow-bellied Toad (Hellmich, 1962, Rept. Amph. Eur.: 60; Arnold and Burton, 1978, Field Guide Rept. Amph. Brit. Eur.: 60; Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 51; Stumpel-Rienks, 1992, Ergänzungsband Handbuch Rept. Amph. Eur., Trivialnamen der Herpetofauna Eur.: 44; Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 201).
Yellowbelly Toad (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 38).
Mountain Toad (Hellmich, 1962, Rept. Amph. Eur.: 60).
Distribution
Europe excluding the Iberian Peninsula and Italy south of the Po River in Italy, east to western Ukraine and Moldova; introduced into England.
Comment
See Arntzen, 1978, J. Biogeogr., 5: 335-345, for detailed statement of distribution. Schneider, Hussein, and Mamdouh, 1986, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 37: 49-67, documented strong interpopulational variation of call structures. Szymura and Gollmann, 1996, Naturschutz Rep., 11: 9-15, documented strong electrophoretically distinctions between Bombina variegata variegata, Bombina variegata pachypus (now Bombina pachypus) and Bombina variegata scabra. Nöllert and Nöllert, 1992, Die Amph. Eur.: 257-261, provided an account and polygon map. See account by Kuzmin, 1999, Amph. Former Soviet Union: 201-206. Gollmann, Szymura, Arntzen, and Pialek, 1997, in Gasc et al. (eds.), Atlas Amph. Rept. Eur.: 98-99, discussed relevant literature and distribution. See Poche, 1912, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 61: 403-405, for initial sorting of Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata. Lang, 1988, Brit. Herpetol. Soc. Bull., 26: 6-13, summarized the subspecies and their distribution. Arnold, 2002, Rept. Amph. Eur., Ed. 2: 52, provided a brief account, figure, and map (in the sense of including Bombina pachypus as a subspecies). Lever, 2003, Naturalized Rept. Amph. World: 140, reported on introduced populations in the vicinity of Devon, England. Vörös, Alcobendas, Martínez-Solano, and García-París, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 38: 705-718, reported on mtDNA introgression of Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata in the Carpathian Basin and Spolsky, Szymura, and Uzzell, 2006, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res., 44: 100-104, suggested that the mtDNA data suggested two Pleistocene refugia for Bombina variegata. Hofman, Spolsky, Uzzell, Cogalniceanu, Babik, and Szymura, 2007, Mol. Ecol., 16: 2301-2316, discussed phylogeography of Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata and disupted the species distinctiveness of Bombina pachypus, although their results are also consistent with recognition of additional species within nominal Bombina variegata (DRF). See detailed account by Di Cerbo and Bressi, 2007, in Lanza et al. (eds.), Fauna d'Italia, 42 (Amph.): 280-287, for Italian population. Bosman, Laan, and van Delft, 2009, in Creemers and van Delft (eds.), Amph. Rept. Nederland: 142-153, provided an account for the species in the Netherlands. Fijarczyk, Nadachowska, Hofman, Litvinchuk, Wiesłow, Stuglik, Gollmann, Choleva, Cogǎlniceanu, Vukov, Džukić, and Szymura, 2011, Mol. Ecol., 20: 3381-339, discussed the phylogenetic distinctiveness of this species from Bombina variegata. Stojanov, Tzankov, and Naumov, 2011, Die Amph. Rept. Bulgariens: 159-167, provided a fairly detailed account and range map for Bulgaria.
External Links
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- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
- For access to informatoin on fossils see Lisanfos
