Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Scinax Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 201. Type species: Hyla aurata Wied, 1821, by subsequent designation of Stejneger, 1907, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 58: 76.

Ololygon Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type species: Hyla strigilata Spix, 1824, by original designation. Synonymy by Pombal and Gordo, 1991, Mem. Inst. Butantan, São Paulo, 53: 139 (who considered this taxon to be in Hyla), and Duellman and Wiens, 1992, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 151: 1.

Ololigon — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1923, Rev. Mus. Paulista, São Paulo, 13: 826. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Garbeana Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 67, 95. Type species: Garbeana garbei Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, by monotypy. Synonymy (with Hyla) by Lutz and Kloss, 1952, Mem. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 50: 648; Duellman, 1970, Copeia, 1970: 534.

English Names

Snouted Treefrogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 63).

Croaking Frogs (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 22).

Distribution

Eastern and southern Mexico to Argentina and Uruguay; Trinidad and Tobago; St. Lucia.

Comment

In Dendropsophini of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 90. Fouquette and Delahoussaye, 1977, J. Herpetol., 11: 387-396, removed the former Hyla rubra group to Ololygon, discussed species groups (noted in the individual species accounts) within Ololygon, and discussed intergeneric relationships, all on the basis of sperm morphology. Almeida and Cardoso, 1985, Rev. Brasil. Biol., 45:: 387-391, disputed the distinctiveness of this genus from Hyla. Pombal and Gordo, 1991, Mem. Inst. Butantan, São Paulo, 53: 139, noted that Scinax is an older name than Ololygon. See León, 1969, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 505-545, for a review of the Mexican and Central American species (as Hyla). Duellman and Wiens, 1992, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 151: 1-23, reviewed the genus, discussed species groups (although they found no evidence for the monophyly of their Scinax ruber, Scinax staufferi, and Scinax x-signatus groups), and presented evidence that Scinax belonged to a monophyletic group including Sphaenorhynchus and Scarthyla. Keys to species of Amazonian Peru and Ecuador provided by Duellman and Wiens, 1993, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 153: 1-57. Pombal, Haddad, and Kasahara, 1995, J. Herpetol., 29: 1-6, transferred all members of the Scinax x-signatus group to the Scinax ruber group. Andrade and Cardoso, 1987, Rev. Brasil. Zool., 3: 433-440, discussed the Scinax rizibilis group (as the Hyla rizibilis group). Pombal, Bastos, and Haddad, 1995, Naturalia, São Paulo, 20: 213-225, combined the Scinax rizibilis group with the Scinax catharinae group on the basis of the fact that some members of the Scinax rizibilis species group, more specifically Scinax trapicheiroi, show intraspecific variation in the lateral development of the vocal sac, the only synapomorphy of the Scinax rizibilis species group. It is important to note that the characters that they give are not very well defined, as the call structure, or just a seemingly synapomorphy of the Scinax catharinae species group (breeding in closed areas) and suggested that Scinax might better be broken into at least two genera (J. Faivovich, pers. comm.). Faivovich, 2002, Cladistics, 18: 367-393, presented a phylogenetic analysis of Scinax, presenting evidence that the Scinax staufferi group of authors is polyphyletic, with some species nested within the Scinax catharinae group, and that the Scinax ruber group is paraphyletic with respect to the Scinax staufferi and Scinax rostratus groups; for this reason he rejected recognition of a ruber group. Subsequently, Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 94-96, commented on the earlier phylogenetic work on Scinax and recognized two monophyletic groups within the genus, the Scinax catharinae clade and the Scinax ruber clade; these are noted in the species accounts. The gender of the name is controversial, but resolved arbitrarily by Art. 30.1.4.2 of the International Code (1999); see Kwet, 2001, Salamandra, 37: 211-238, who discussed the gender, the Code, and provided a key and accounts to members of the Scinax ruber group from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Pombal and Bastos, 2003, Rev. Brasil. Zool., 20: 607-610, suggested vocalization data in support of a monophyletic Scinax perpusillus group. Alves-Silva and Silva, 2009, J. Nat. Hist., London, 43: 205-217, reported other behavioral synapomorphies for the Scinax perpusillus group. Alcalde, Candioti, Kolenc, Borteiro, and Baldo, 2011, Zootaxa, 2787: 19-36, reported on larval cranial anatomy of several species. Duryea, Brasileiro, and Zamudio, 2009, Conserv. Genetics, 10: 1053-1056, reported on microsatellite markers in the Scinax perpusillus group. Pereyra, Borteiro, Baldo, Kolenc, and Conte, 2012, Herpetol. J., 22: 133-137, commented on complex calls in the Scinax catharinae group.

Contained taxa

• Scinax acuminatus (Cope, 1862)
• Scinax agilis (Cruz and Peixoto, 1983)
• Scinax albicans (Bokermann, 1967)
• Scinax alcatraz (Lutz, 1973)
• Scinax altae (Dunn, 1933)
• Scinax alter (Lutz, 1973)
• Scinax angrensis Lutz, 1973
• Scinax arduous Peixoto, 2002
• Scinax argyreornatus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)
• Scinax ariadne (Bokermann, 1967)
• Scinax aromothyella Faivovich, 2005
• Scinax atratus (Peixoto, 1989)
• Scinax auratus (Wied-Neuwied, 1821)
• Scinax baumgardneri (Rivero, 1961)
• Scinax belloni Faivovich, Gasparini, and Haddad, 2010
• Scinax berthae (Barrio, 1962)
• Scinax blairi (Fouquette and Pyburn, 1972)
• Scinax boesemani (Goin, 1966)
• Scinax boulengeri (Cope, 1887)
• Scinax brieni (De Witte, 1930)
• Scinax cabralensis Drummond, Baêta, and Pires, 2007
• Scinax caldarum (Lutz, 1968)
• Scinax camposseabrai (Bokermann, 1968)
• Scinax canastrensis (Cardoso and Haddad, 1982)
• Scinax cardosoi (Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto, 1991)
• Scinax carnevallii (Caramaschi and Kisteumacher, 1989)
• Scinax castroviejoi De la Riva, 1993
• Scinax catharinae (Boulenger, 1888)
• Scinax centralis Pombal and Bastos, 1996
• Scinax chiquitanus (De la Riva, 1990)
• Scinax constrictus Lima, Bastos, and Giaretta, 2005
• Scinax cosenzai Lacerda, Peixoto, and Feio, 2012
• Scinax cretatus Nunes and Pombal, 2011
• Scinax crospedospilus (Lutz, 1925)
• Scinax cruentommus (Duellman, 1972)
• Scinax curicica Pugliese, Pombal, and Sazima, 2004
• Scinax cuspidatus (Lutz, 1925)
• Scinax danae (Duellman, 1986)
• Scinax dolloi (Werner, 1903)
• Scinax duartei (Lutz, 1951)
• Scinax elaeochrous (Cope, 1875)
• Scinax eurydice (Bokermann, 1968)
• Scinax exiguus (Duellman, 1986)
• Scinax faivovichi Brasileiro, Oyamaguchi, and Haddad, 2007
• Scinax flavoguttatus (Lutz and Lutz, 1939)
• Scinax funereus (Cope, 1874)
• Scinax fuscomarginatus (Lutz, 1925)
• Scinax fuscovarius (Lutz, 1925)
• Scinax garbei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926)
• Scinax granulatus (Peters, 1871)
• Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909)
• Scinax heyeri (Peixoto and Weygoldt, 1986)
• Scinax hiemalis (Haddad and Pombal, 1987)
• Scinax humilis (A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1954)
• Scinax ictericus Duellman and Wiens, 1993
• Scinax imbegue Nunes, Kwet, and Pombal, 2012
• Scinax insperatus Silva and Alves-Silva, 2011
• Scinax iquitorum Moravec, Tuanama, Pérez-Peña, and Lehr, 2009
• Scinax jolyi Lescure and Marty, 2000
• Scinax juncae Nunes and Pombal, 2010
• Scinax jureia (Pombal and Gordo, 1991)
• Scinax karenanneae (Pyburn, 1993)
• Scinax kautskyi (Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto, 1991)
• Scinax kennedyi (Pyburn, 1973)
• Scinax lindsayi Pyburn, 1992
• Scinax littoralis (Pombal and Gordo, 1991)
• Scinax littoreus (Peixoto, 1988)
• Scinax longilineus (Lutz, 1968)
• Scinax luizotavioi (Caramaschi and Kisteumacher, 1989)
• Scinax lutzorum Cardoso and Pombal, 2010
• Scinax machadoi (Bokermann and Sazima, 1973)
• Scinax manriquei Barrio-Amorós, Orellana, and Chacón-Ortiz, 2004
• Scinax maracaya (Cardoso and Sazima, 1980)
• Scinax melloi (Peixoto, 1989)
• Scinax muriciensis Cruz, Nunes, and Lima, 2011
• Scinax nasicus (Cope, 1862)
• Scinax nebulosus (Spix, 1824)
• Scinax obtriangulatus (Lutz, 1973)
• Scinax oreites Duellman and Wiens, 1993
• Scinax pachycrus (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937)
• Scinax parkeri (Gaige, 1929)
• Scinax pedromedinae (Henle, 1991)
• Scinax peixotoi Brasileiro, Haddad, Sawaya, and Martins, 2007
• Scinax perereca Pombal, Haddad, and Kasahara, 1995
• Scinax perpusillus (Lutz and Lutz, 1939)
• Scinax pinima (Bokermann and Sazima, 1973)
• Scinax proboscideus (Brongersma, 1933)
• Scinax pusillus Pombal, Bilate, Gambale, Signorelli, and Bastos, 2011
• Scinax quinquefasciatus (Fowler, 1913)
• Scinax ranki (Andrade and Cardoso, 1987)
• Scinax rizibilis (Bokermann, 1964)
• Scinax rogerioi Pugliese, Baêta, and Pombal, 2009
• Scinax rostratus (Peters, 1863)
• Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768)
• Scinax similis (Cochran, 1952)
• Scinax skaios Pombal, Carvalho, Canelas, and Bastos, 2010
• Scinax skuki Lima, Cruz, and Azevedo, 2011
• Scinax squalirostris (Lutz, 1925)
• Scinax staufferi (Cope, 1865)
• Scinax strigilatus (Spix, 1824)
• Scinax sugillatus (Duellman, 1973)
• Scinax tigrinus Nunes, Carvalho, and Pereira, 2010
• Scinax trapicheiroi (A. Lutz and B. Lutz, 1954)
• Scinax trilineatus (Hoogmoed and Gorzula, 1979)
• Scinax tripui Lourenço, Nascimento, and Pires, 2010
• Scinax tupinamba Silva and Alves-Silva, 2008
• Scinax tymbamirim Nunes, Kwet, and Pombal, 2012
• Scinax uruguayus (Schmidt, 1944)
• Scinax v-signatus (Lutz, 1968)
• Scinax wandae (Pyburn and Fouquette, 1971)
• Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824)

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