Hypsiboas boans (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rana boans Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, 1: 213. Syntypes: NHRM 157 and ZIUU 27, as well as specimens noted by indication, including animal figured by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 71, fig. 3-4; (See http://linnaeus.nrm.se/zool/herp/madamph.html.en for image of NHRM type.) ZIUU 27 designated lectotype by implication by Mertens, 1940, Zool. Anz., 132: 195; designation of RMNH 16603 as neotype by Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 399, is invalid, according to Mertens, 1972, Senckenb. Biol., 53: 197-198, Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39, and Böhme, 1981, Bonn. Zool. Beitr., 32: 283-295, who noted that NHRM 157, is a specimen of Hyla leucophyllata. Type locality: "America". Invalid neotype from "Brownsweg, Brokopondo, Surinam". Placed on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology by Opinion 1029, Anonymous, 1974, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 31: 188-189. See comment under Hyla leucophyllata.
Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 32. Type(s): Including frog figured by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 72, fig. 3; ZMUU 27 designated neotype by Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39. Type locality: Not stated. Synonymy with Hyla palmata by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 38, and Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: 544; with Hyla boans by Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 17; Rivero, 1961, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 126: 96; Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 398.
Rana palmata Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, 16mo ed., 2: 297, 458. Lacépède, 1788, Hist. Nat. Quadrup. Ovip. Serpens, Quarto ed., 1: Table following page 618 and referencing account starting on page 538. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Rejected as published in a nonbinominal work by Opinion 2104, Anonymous, 2005, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 62: 55.
Rana palmata Bonnaterre, 1789, Tab. Encyclop. Method. Trois Reg. Nat., Erp.: 1. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768.
Calamita maximus — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 163.
Calamita boans — Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 164. Based on specimens of Phrynohyas venulosa according to Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 55, and Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 365.
Hyla boans — Daudin, 1800, Hist. Nat. Quad. Ovip., Livr. 1: 11. Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 31; Daudin, 1803 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Gen. Part. Rept., 8: 64.
Hyla palmata Latreille In Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 (An. X), Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 173. Syntypes: MNHNP and frog illustrated by Seba, 1734, Locuplet. Rer. Nat. Thesaur. Descript. Icon. Exp. Univ. Phys. Hist., 1: pl. 72, fig. 3. Type locality: "la Caroline et en Virginie", in error, according to Duellman, 1977, Das Tierreich, 95: 39. Synonymy by Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 99.
Rana zebra Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 123. Substitute name for Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Schinz, 1822, Thierr. Naturgesch., 2: 168.
Hyla palmata — Daudin, 1802 (An. XI), Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 38.
Hyla maxima — Oken, 1816, Lehrb. Naturgesch., 3(2): 223. Günther, 1859 "1858", Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus.: 99.
Calamita boans — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 173.
Calamita palmatus — Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 173.
Boana boans — Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., London, Ser. 2, 10: 214.
Hypsiboas palmata — Wagler, 1830, Nat. Syst. Amph.: 200.
Hypsiboas palmatus — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 72.
Lobipes palmata — Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 30.
Hyla (Hylomedusa) palmata — Burmeister, 1856, Erläut. Fauna Brasil.: 102.
Cinclidium granulatum Cope, 1867, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 202. Holotype: Not designated, presumably ANSP. Type locality: "Surinam". Synonymy by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 349.
Hyla lactea Lönnberg, 1896, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 22: 13. Substitute name for Rana boans Linnaeus. Based on Rana lactea Linnaeus, 1754, Mus. Adophi Friderici, 1: 47, and considered by him to be a junior synonym of Rana maxima Laurenti, 1768. Synonymy by Andersson, 1900, Bih. K. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handl., 26: 17. Junior homonym of Hyla lactea Daudin, 1802, and Hyla lactea Laurenti, 1768.
Hyla daudini Lutz, 1973, Brazil. Spec. Hyla: 41. Replacement name for "Hyla boans Daudin" (Lutz's name actually based on specimens of Hyla multifasciata according to Lescure, 1976, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 377: 496).
Hypsiboas boans — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 89.
Boana boans — Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 743. by implication.
English Names
Zebra Frog (Rana zebra [no longer recognized]: Shaw, 1802, Gen. Zool., 3(1): 114).
Giant Treefrog (Hyla maxima [no longer recognized]: Cochran, 1961, Living Amph. World: 129; (Hyla boans) Ananjeva, Borkin, Darevsky, and Orlov, 1988, Dict. Amph. Rept. Five Languages: 55).
Duck-footed Frog (Rana maxima [no longer recognized]Lacépède, 1802, Nat. Hist. Ovip. Quadruped. (Kerr transl.): 239).
Rusty Treefrog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 54).
Giant Gladiator Treefrog (Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 113).
Distribution
Lower Amazon Basin, upper Orinoco and Magdalena Basins, Guianas, and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador in South America; eastern Panama; Trinidad.
Comment
In the Hypsiboas semilineatus group of Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 88-89. See Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 253-258, Duellman, 1971, Herpetologica, 27: 398, and Mertens, 1972, Senckenb. Biol., 53: 197-198. See Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 64: 71-93, for a taxonomic redefinition and refinement of known distribution. Regardless of the fact that Lutz, 1973, had specimens of Hyla multifasciata in front of her (according to Lescure, 1976, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, Zool., 377: 496) when coining a replacement name for "Hyla boans Daudin", her nomenclatural act of providing a replacement name for Hyla boans Daudin, requires the placement of Hyla daudini Lutz, 1973, in this synonymy. De la Riva, Köhler, Lötters, and Reichle, 2000, Rev. Esp. Herpetol., 14: 32, considered the species to occur in tropical South America and especially in Bolivia, implicitly not accepting the restriction of geographic distribution by Hoogmoed, 1990, Zool. Meded., Leiden, 64: 71-93. Lescure and Marty, 2000, Collect. Patrimoines Nat., Paris, 45: 116-117, provided a brief account and photo. Lynch and Suárez-Mayorga, 2001, Caldasia, 23: 491-507, discussed the Colombian range of the species. Kenny, 1969, Stud. Fauna Curaçao and other Caribb. Is., 29: 47-49 (as Hyla maxima) and Murphy, 1997, Amph. Rept. Trinidad Tobago: 65-66, provided accounts for the Trinidad and Tobago populations. See comments regarding variation in reproductive strategy correlated with elevation by Gorzula and Señaris, 1999 "1998", Scient. Guaianae, 8: 28-29. C. Barrio-Amorós (personal commun.) regards this as a complex of species and reported this nominal species from the Venezuelan Andean foothills ( Barrio-Amorós, 1999, Herpetol. Rev., 30: 230; Barrio-Amorós, 2001, Herpetol. Rev., 32: 113-114) demonstrating a possible connection between lowland populations. Kok and Kalamandeen, 2008, Intr. Taxon. Amph. Kaieteur Natl. Park, 5: 164-165, provided an account. MacCulloch and Lathrop, 2009, R. Ontario Mus. Contrib. Sci., 4: 13, commented on specimens from Mount Ayanganna, Guyana. See account for Surinam population by Ouboter and Jairam, 2012, Amph. Suriname: 130-133.
External Links
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- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
