Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference

Hylae Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 20. Unavailable plural of Hyla Laurenti, 1768, not apparently intended as a taxon name.

Hylarinia Rafinesque, 1815, Analyse Nat.: 78. Type genus: Hylaria Rafinesque, 1814 (an unjustified emendation of Hyla Laurenti, 1768).

Hylina Gray, 1825, Ann. Philos., London, Ser. 2, 10: 213. Type genus: Hyla Laurenti, 1768. Suggested as a subfamily.

Hyladae — Boie, 1828, Isis von Oken, 21: 363.

Hylenae — Gray, 1829, Isis von Oken, 22: 203.

Hyladina — Bonaparte, 1838, Iconograph. Fauna Ital., 2 (Fasc. 22): 117. Bonaparte, 1838, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, 1: 393; Bonaparte, 1840, Nuovi Ann. Sci. Nat., Bologna, 4: 100 (p. 11 in offprint); Bonaparte, 1840, Mem. Accad. Sci. Torino, Ser. 2, 2: 394.

Hylae — Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 25.

Hylaeformes — Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gen., 8: plate opposite page 53, 491. Explicit non-Latinized family-group name.

Dryophytae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type genus: Dryophytes Fitzinger, 1843. Synonymy by implication of synonymy of Dryophytes with Hyla by Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 373.

Dendropsophi Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type genus: Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843. Synonymy by implication by Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus., 160: 148.

Pelobii Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 31. Type genus: Pelobius Fitzinger, 1843.

Pseudae Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept.: 33. Type genus: Pseudis Wagler, 1830. Synonymy by Darst and Cannatella, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 31: 470.

Calamitae Leunis, 1844, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 1: 145. Gravenhorst, 1845, Das Thierreich: 43.

Pseudes — Leunis, 1844, Synops. Drei Naturr., Zool., Ed. 1: 146. Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Ser. 2, 6: 89.

Hylaina — Bonaparte, 1845, Specchio Gen. Sist. Erpetol. Anfibiol. Ittiolog.: 6.

Hylidae — Bonaparte, 1850, Conspect. Syst. Herpetol. Amph.: 1 p. .

Hyloidea — Stannius, 1856, Handb. Zootomie Wiebelthiere, 2: 5. Wied-Neuwied, 1865, Nova Acta Phys. Med. Acad. Caesar Leopold Carol., Halle, 32: 116.

Phyllomedusidae Günther, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 346. Type genus: Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830.

Pelodryadidae Günther, 1858, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1858: 346. Type genus: Pelodryas Günther, 1858.

Hyloides — Bruch, 1862, Würzb. Naturwiss. Z., 3: 221.

Acridina Mivart, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869: 292. Type genus: Acris Duméril and Bibron, 1841. Synonymy by implication of Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 18.

Chiroleptina Mivart, 1869, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1869: 294. Type genus: Chiroleptes Günther, 1858.

Cophomantina Hoffmann, 1878, in Bronn (ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, 6(2): 614. Type genus: Cophomantis Peters, 1870. Synonymy by implication of synonymy of Cophomantis with Hyla by Peters, 1873 "1872", Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1872: 772; Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Coll. Brit. Mus., Ed. 2: 337.

Hylida — Bayer, 1885 "1884", Abh. K. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Prague, 12: 18.

Hylidi — Acloque, 1900, Fauna de France, 1: 489.

Hylinae — Gadow, 1901, Amphibia and Reptiles: 139.

Lophiohylinae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64. Type genus: Lophyohyla Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926. Synonymy by implication of generic synonymy by Bokermann, 1966, An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., 38: 355-344; and Goin, 1961, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 36: 7.

Triprioninae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64. Type genus: Triprion Cope, 1866. Synonymy by implication of Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 18.

Phyllomedusinae — Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926, Arq. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, 27: 64.

Pseudinae — Noble, 1931, Biol. Amph.: 496. Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 770.

Cycloraninae Parker, 1940, Novit. Zool., 42: 12. Type genus: Cyclorana Steindachner, 1867; Reig, 1972, in Blair (ed.), Evol. Genus Bufo: 34; Laurent, 1980 "1979", Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 104: 417.

Pseudidae — Savage and Carvalho, 1953, Zoologica, New York, 38: 198.

Acridinae — Kuhn, 1965, Die Amphib.: 96.

Trachycephalinae Lutz, 1969, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 24: 275. Type genus: Trachycephalus Tschudi, 1838. Synonymy by implication of Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 18.

Pithecopinae Lutz, 1969, Acta Zool. Lilloana, 24: 274. Type genus: Pithecopus Cope, 1866. Synonymy by implication of Bokermann, 1966, Lista Anot. Local. Tipo Anf. Brasil.: 83, and Duellman, 1968, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 18: 6, treating Pithecopus as a synonym of Phyllomedusa.

Cycloranini — Lynch, 1969, Final PhD Exam, Program: 3. Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 76.

Pelodryadidae — Savage, 1973, in Vial (ed.), Evol. Biol. Anurans: 351-445. Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 734.

Nyctimystinae Laurent, 1975, Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris, A—Zool., 88: 183. Type genus: Nyctimystes Stejneger, 1916.

Pelodryadinae — Dowling and Duellman, 1978, Syst. Herpetol.: 1. 1.

Cophomantini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 75.

Dendropsophini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 90.

Hylini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 98.

Lophiohylini — Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294: 107.

Incertae Sedis

Hyla lactea Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med. Exhib. Synops. Rept.: 34. Type(s): "in museo Academico Upsaliensi" (= ZIUU) and [var. beta] "in museo Petropolitano" (ZISP). Type locality: "America". Synonymy with Hyla hypocondrialis Daudin, 1802 and Rana boans Linnaeus, by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 29; with Calamita punctata Schneider by Schneider (source is Daudin, 1802: 50); with Calamita melanorabdotus by Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 172.

Calamita fasciatus Schneider, 1799, Hist. Amph. Nat.: 172. Holotype: "Musei Ducalis Brunovicensis", presumably now lost. Type locality: Not stated. Considered a synonym of Rana boans Linnaeus, by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 31. Considered a possible synonym of Hyla squirella by Merrem, 1820, Tent. Syst. Amph.: 171. * Hyla fasciata— Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 316.

Rana rubella Daudin In Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801 (An. X), Hist. Nat. Rept., 2: 160. Types: Not stated, but presumably originally in MNHNP and including frog illustrated by Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 56, pl. 17, fig. 1. Type locality: Unknown. * Hyla rubella— Daudin, 1802 "An. XI", Hist. Nat. Rain. Gren. Crap., Quarto: 56, pl. 17, fig. 1.

Hyla valenciennii Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 63. Type(s): Not stated, but presumably MNHNP or NHMW. Type locality: "Patria ignota". Nomen nudum.

Hylodes orientalis Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 61. Types: MNHNC according to the original publication. Type locality: "Montevideo", Uruguay. Considered a nomen dubium by Nieden, 1923, Das Tierreich, 46: 468. Synonymy with Hyla pulchella by Klappenbach, 1968, Invest. Zool. Chilen., 23: 149. Considered a nomen dubium by Lynch and Schwartz, 1971, J. Herpetol., 5: 113, possibly a synonym of Phyllomedusa iheringii. * Hilodes orientalis— Philippi, 1902, Supl. Batr. Chil. Descr. Hist. Fis. Polit. Chile: 159. Incorrect spelling of generic name. * Eleutherodactylus orientalis— Gorham, 1966, Das Tierreich, 85: 89.

English Names

Treefrogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 51).

Distribution

North and South America, the West Indies, and the Australo-Papuan Region; temperate Eurasia, including extreme northern Africa and the Japanese Archipelago; introduced into New Caledonia, New Hebrides (Vanuatu), Guam, and New Zealand.

Comment

See Dubois, 1985, Alytes, 4: 66, for discussion of family-group nomenclature. Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas: 1-753, arranged the family into four subfamilies: Amphignathodontinae, Hemiphractinae, Hylinae, and Phyllomedusinae. Trueb, 1974, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 29: 1-60, suggested that hemiphractines be included with amphignathodontines in a single group. On the basis of work done by Tyler, 1971, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 19: 319-360, and Savage, 1973, in Vial (ed.), Evol. Biol. Anurans: 351-445, Dowling and Duellman, 1978, Syst. Herpetol.: 1.1, removed Australian hylids from Hylinae and placed them in the subfamily Pelodryadinae. Lynch, 1971, Misc. Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 53: 1-238, suggested that the Australian hylids were independently derived from Myobatrachidae. Ruvinsky and Maxson, 1996, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 5: 533-547, suggested that Hylidae (sensu lato) might be polyphyletic. Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2: 770, provided a cladogram of the subfamilies, and included Pseudidae as a subfamily: (Pelodryadinae (("Hylinae" + Pseudinae) (Phyllomedusinae + Hemiphractinae))). Haas, 2003, Cladistics, 19: 23-89, presented evidence from larval morphology that suggested that Hylidae is polyphyletic, with Hemiphractinae not closely related to other "hylids", Pelodryadinae being paraphyletic with respect to Hylinae, Hylinae not being demonstrably monophyletic, with Pseudinae and Phyllomedusinae possibly being imbedded within it. Darst and Cannatella, 2004, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 31: 462-475, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that Hemiphractinae (sensu lato) is polyphyletic and not closely related to hylids. Faivovich, Haddad, Garcia, Frost, Campbell, and Wheeler, 2005, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 294, obtained similar results and formally removed Hemiphractinae from Hylidae and into "Leptodactylidae" (in the old nonmonophyletic sense), found Pelodryadinae and Phyllomedusinae to be sister taxa and together the sister taxon of Hylinae, which they completely revised. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297, suggested that Hemiphractinae is polyphyletic, composed of three distantly related groups, and recognized these as families: Amphignathodontidae (Flectonotus and Gastrotheca), Cryptobatrachidae (Cryptobatrachus and Stefania), and Hemiphractidae (Hemiphractus). The Middle American taxa were treated in detail by Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, and Duellman, 2001, Hylid Frogs Middle Am., Ed. 2. Accounts and keys to most of the genera are supplied by Laurent, 1986, in Grassé and Delsol (eds.), Traite de Zool., 14: 714-732. Wiens, Fetzner, Parkinson, and Reeder, 2005, Syst. Biol., 54: 719-749, provided a phylogenetic analysis of Hylidae, using less dense sampling and less molecular but more morphological evidence that the study of Faivovich et al (2005). Roelants, Gower, Wilkinson, Loader, Biju, Guillaume, Moriau, and Bossuyt, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 887-892, suggested that Hylidae is polyphyletic, with Phyllomedusinae + Pelodryadinae as the sister taxon of Brachycephalidae, and Hylinae imbedded within a paraphyletic Ceratophryidae. Vitt and Caldwell, 2009, Herpetology, 3rd Ed.: 450-453, provided a general taxonomic account and map as part of a much more general and extensive overview of amphibian biology. Bossuyt and Roelants, 2009, in Hedges and Kumar (eds.), Timetree of Life: 357-364, suggested on the basis of time of divergence late Cretaceous/early Cenozoic and suggested polyphyly of Hylinae and Pelodryadinae + Phyllomedusinae that these three taxa be regarded as three families: Hylidae, Pelodryadidae, and Phyllomedusidae. Wiens, Kuczynski, Hua, and Moen, 2010, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 5555: 871-882, provided an expanded analysis of Hylidae, found, in particular, Hylidae, Hylinae, Phyllomedusinae + Pelodradinae, Phyllomedusinae, Pelodryadinae, Cophomantini, Hylini, and Lophiohylini strongly supported as monophyletic with Dendropsophini monophyletic, but weakly supported. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences provided a large tree of hylines as part of a larger tree of all amphibians, and exhibiting some novel arrangements (noted here and in the relevant records). But, since they appear to have not included at least the rhodopsin locus from the earlier study of Faivovich et al., 2005, whether these differences are due to analytical or data issues remains unclear. One clear difference is that Pyron and Wiens, 2011, arrived at a nonmonophyletic Dendropsophini. Blackburn and Wake, 2011, In Zhang (ed.), Zootaxa, 3148, 3148: 39-55, discussed briefly the taxonomic history of the group.

Contained taxa

• Hylinae Rafinesque, 1815 (667 sp.)
• Pelodryadinae Günther, 1858 (201 sp.)
• Phyllomedusinae Günther, 1858 (58 sp.)

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