Ingerana borealis (Annandale, 1912)
Micrixalus borealis Annandale, 1912, Rec. Indian Mus., 8: 10. Holotype: ZSIC 16932, according to XXX. Type locality: "Rotung (alt. 1,300 ft.) and about 3 miles S. of Yembung", Arunachal Pradesh, India (in an area claimed by China).
Phrynoglossus borealis — Smith, 1931, Bull. Raffles Mus., 5: 16. Dubois, 1987 "1986", Alytes, 5: 52, 59; Dubois, 1992, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 61: 315; Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Herpetol. Sinica, 12: 30. See comment under Dicroglossidae.
Occidozyga borealis — Dubois, 1981, Monit. Zool. Ital., N.S., Suppl., 15: 245. by implication; Inger, 1996, Herpetologica, 52: 242.
Ingerana borealis — Sailo, Lalremsanga, Hooroo, and Ohler, 2009, Alytes, 27: 1-12.
English Names
Rotung Oriental Frog (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 104; Dinesh, Radhakrishnan, Gururaja, and Bhatta, 2009, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occas. Pap., 302: 37; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 49).
Rotung Frog (Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 45).
Northern Frog (Das and Dutta, 1998, Hamadryad, 23: 65: Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 49).
Northern Trickle Frog (Reza, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 235; Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 39).
Distribution
Lower elevations along the southern slopes of the eastern Himalayas in Xizang [= Tibet] (China), Bhutan, and eastern Nepal, as well as adjacent West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, and Nagaland, northeastern India, to Cox's Bazaar District, Bangladesh, 1500-3000 m elevation; Chin and Rakhine states in adjacent Myanmar.
Comment
Closely allied to Ingerana tenasserimensis (as Micrixalus), according to the original publication. Zhao and Adler, 1993, Herpetol. China: 136, noted this species in China. See accounts (as Micrixalus borealis) by Ye, Fei, and Hu, 1993, Rare and Economic Amph. China: 301; and Fei, 1999, Atlas Amph. China: 230. Chanda, 2002, Handb. Indian Amph.: 57, provided a brief account (as Micrixalus borealis). This species should be examined as part of the problem of Ingerana polyphyly (DRF). Ao, Bordoloi, and Ohler, 2003, Zoos' Print J., 18: 1117-1125, provided a specific locality for Nagaland, northeastern India. Sarkar and Ray, 2006, In Alfred (ed.), Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Part 1: 300, provided a brief report (as Micrixalus borealis) for Arunachal Pradesh. Devi and Shamungou, 2006, J. Exp. Zool. India, 9: 317-324, provided a record (as Micrixalus borealis) for Manipur, northeastern India. Mathew and Sen, 2003, Cobra, Chennai, 53: 1-4, reported this species (as Micrixalus borealis) for Meghalaya, India. Reza, 2008, Herpetol. Rev., 39: 235, provided the first record for Bangladesh. See photograph, map, description of geographic range and habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 489. See statement of geographic range, habitat, and conservation status in Stuart, Hoffmann, Chanson, Cox, Berridge, Ramani, and Young, 2008, Threatened Amph. World: 630. Sailo, Lalremsanga, Hooroo, and Ohler, 2009, Alytes, 27: 1-12 justifed the transfer to Ingerana from Occidozyga and reported the species from Mizoram, India. Ahmed, Das, and Dutta, 2009, Amph. Rept. NE India: 39, provided a brief account (as Occidozyga borealis) for northeastern India. Wogan, Vindum, Wilkinson, Koo, Slowinski, Win, Thin, Kyi, Oo, Lwin, and Shein, 2008, Hamadryad, 33: 86, provided the first records for Chin and Rakhine states in Myanmar. Mathew and Sen, 2010, Pict. Guide Amph. NE India: 45-46, provided a brief characterization (as Occidozyga borealis) and photograph. Fei, Hu, Ye, and Huang, 2009, Fauna Sinica, Amph. 3: 1592-1594, provided an account (as Phrynoglossus borealis), figures, and range map for China. Mahony, Hasan, Kabir, Ahmed, and Hossain, 2009, Hamadryad, 34: 80-94, discussed the range in Bangladesh and suggested that the nominal species is a complex. Fei, Ye, and Jiang, 2010, Colored Atlas of Chinese Amph.: 419, provided a brief account (as Phrynoglossus borealis) including photographs. Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 49-50, provided an account for Xizang, China, as Occidozyga borealis. Hasan, Khalilullah, and Feeroz, 2011, Herpetol. Rev., 42: 385, provided a range extension to Cox's Bazaar District, Bangladesh, and discussed the range.
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
- For information aggregation from other sites and some original accounts see AmphibiaWeb report
- For further information on conservation status and distribution see the IUCN Redlist
- For related information on conservation and images as well as observation see iNaturalist;
- for a quick link to their maps see iNaturalist KML
