Craugastor Cope, 1862

Class: Amphibia > Order: Anura > Family: Craugastoridae > Subfamily: Craugastorinae > Genus: Craugastor

Craugastor Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 14: 153. Type species: Hylodes fitzingeri Schmidt, 1857, by subsequent designation of Dunn and Dunn, 1940, Copeia, 1940: 71. Coined as a subgenus of Hylodes.

Microbatrachylus Taylor, 1940 "1939", Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 26: 499. Type species: Eleutherodactylus hobartsmithi Taylor, 1936, by original designation. Synonymy by Lynch, 1965, Nat. Hist. Misc., 182: 1-12.

Hylactophryne Lynch, 1968, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 17: 511. Type species: Hylodes augusti Dugés, 1879, by original designation. Synonymy (ambiguously) by Lynch, 1986, Herpetologica, 42: 255; and Hedges, 1989, in Woods (ed.), Biogeograph. W. Indies: 318. Treated as a subgenus of Craugastor by Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 42.

Campbellius Hedges, Duellman, and Heinicke, 2008, Zootaxa, 1737: 33. Type species: Eleutherodactylus stadelmani Schmidt, 1936, by original designation. Coined as a subgenus of Craugastor.

English Names

Northern Rain Frogs (Frost, McDiarmid, and Mendelson, 2008, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 37: 5; Frost, McDiarmid, Mendelson, and Green, 2012, in Crother (ed.), Herpetol. Circ., 39: 14).

Northern Rainfrogs (Liner and Casas-Andreu, 2008, Herpetol. Circ., 38: 9).

Fleshbelly Frogs (Collins and Taggart, 2009, Standard Common Curr. Sci. Names N. Am. Amph. Turtles Rept. Crocodil., ed. 6: 6).

Distribution

Southern Arizona to central Texas (USA) and south through tropical and subtropical habitats to northwestern Ecuador and Colombia.

Comment

Synonymy of Craugastor with Eleutherodactylus by Dunn, 1931, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 385; treated as a subgenus of Eleutherodactylus by Lynch, 1986, Herpetologica, 42: 248-258, and Hedges, 1989, in Woods (ed.), Biogeograph. W. Indies: 317. Elevated to genus by Crawford and Smith, 2005, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 35: 536-555. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 197, also recognized it as a genus, discussed the contents of Craugastor, and excluded from it the Eleutherodactylus fraudator group. According to Savage and DeWeese, 1981 "1980", Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 93: 928-942, the former Eleutherodactylus cruentus group is an unnatural composite. Mexican and Central American species of the Craugastor rugulosus group were reviewed by Lynch, 1965, Herpetologica, 21: 102-113, Savage, 1975, Copeia, 1975: 254-306, and Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr., 14: 186-292. Savage and DeWeese, 1981 "1980", Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 93: 928-942, discussed the species groups of Central American species (as Eleutherodactylus), as did Ford and Savage, 1984, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas, 110: 1-9. Lynch and Myers, 1983, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 175: 481-572, reviewed the members of the then Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group found in eastern Panama and Chocoan South America, noted that all of the features that defined the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group are primitive for the genus (sensu lato), and commented on the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group, Eleutherodactylus gaigei group, and Eleutherodactylus gollmeri group of Savage. Miyamoto and Tennant, 1984, Copeia, 1984: 765-768, discussed the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group sensu Savage. Miyamoto, 1986, Copeia, 1986: 505-511, reported on phylogenetics of the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group sensu Savage. Savage, 1987, Fieldiana, Zool., N.S.,, 33: 1-57, discussed the Mexican and Central American members of, defined the Craugastor gollmeri group (as Eleutherodactylus), provided a key to this group, and provided a discussion of jaw musculature and karyology in the taxonomy of Eleutherodactylus (sensu lato). McCranie, Savage, and Wilson, 1989, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 102: 483-490, discussed the Craugastor milesi group (as Eleutherodactylus). Campbell, Lamar, and Hillis, 1989, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 102: 491-499, discussed the Mexican and Guatemalan species of the Craugastor alfredi group (as Eleutherodactylus). Campbell, 1994, Herpetologica, 50: 398-411, provided a key to the Craugastor milesi group (as Eleutherodactylus). Savage, McCranie, and Espinal, 1996, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 109: 366-372, provided a key to the Craugastor rhodopis group (as Eleutherodactylus). Lynch, 2000, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 24: 129-156, discussed the Craugastor gollmeri group (including Craugastor daryi and Craugastor greggi) and the Craugastor rhodopis group (in which he placed Craugastor rhodopis, Craugastor occidentalis, Craugastor omiltemanus; all as Eleutherodactylus), and dissolved the former Eleutherodactylus omiltemanus group, placing the constituent species in other species groups. Lynch, 2000, Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Exact. Fis. Nat., 24: 129-156, considered a subset of Craugastor to be monophyletic on the basis of one character; the members of Craugastor excluded from this monophyletic group are the Craugastor alfredi group, the Craugastor augusti group, the Craugastor bufoniformis group, three species removed from the Eleutherodactylus fitzingeri group (Craugastor andi, Craugastor cuadquero, and Craugastor emcelae), and four species removed from the Craugastor rugulosus group (Craugastor anatipes, Craugastor anomalus, Craugastor cheiroplethus, and Craugastor zygodactylus). Lynch, 2000 "1999", Caldasia, 21: 184-202, provided a key to the species from Chocoan Colombia. Savage, Hollingsworth, Lips, and Jaslow, 2004, Herpetologica, 60: 519-519, discussed the phylogenetics of the Craugastor fitzingeri group (as Eleutherodactylus). Crawford, 2003, Mol. Ecol., 12: 2525-2540, documented a number of undescribed species (in Eleutherodactylus at the time) in Costa Rica and Panama. Chen, 2005, in Donnelly et al. (eds.), Ecol. Evol. Tropics: 102-144, discussed chromosomal variation in the Craugastor rhodopis group (as Eleutherodactylus). Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092-10097, provided considerable evidence for phylogenetic structure within Craugastor on the basis of molecular evidence. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences confirmed a relationship of subgenera Campbellius + (Hylactophryne + Craugastor).

Contained taxa

Craugastor adamastus (Campbell, 1994)
Craugastor alfredi (Boulenger, 1898)
Craugastor amniscola (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor anciano (Savage, McCranie, and Wilson, 1988)
Craugastor andi (Savage, 1974)
Craugastor angelicus (Savage, 1975)
Craugastor aphanus (Campbell, 1994)
Craugastor augusti (Dugès, 1879)
Craugastor aurilegulus (Savage, McCranie, and Wilson, 1988)
Craugastor azueroensis (Savage, 1975)
Craugastor batrachylus (Taylor, 1940)
Craugastor berkenbuschii (Peters, 1870)
Craugastor bocourti (Brocchi, 1877)
Craugastor bransfordii (Cope, 1886)
Craugastor brocchi (Boulenger, 1882)
Craugastor campbelli (Smith, 2005)
Craugastor catalinae (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor chac (Savage, 1987)
Craugastor charadra (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor chingopetaca Köhler and Sunyer, 2006
Craugastor chrysozetetes (McCranie, Savage, and Wilson, 1989)
Craugastor coffeus (McCranie and Köhler, 1999)
Craugastor crassidigitus (Taylor, 1952)
Craugastor cruzi (McCranie, Savage, and Wilson, 1989)
Craugastor cuaquero (Savage, 1980)
Craugastor cyanochthebius McCranie and Smith, 2006
Craugastor daryi (Ford and Savage, 1984)
Craugastor decoratus (Taylor, 1942)
Craugastor emcelae (Lynch, 1985)
Craugastor emleni (Dunn and Emlen, 1932)
Craugastor epochthidius (McCranie and Wilson, 1997)
Craugastor escoces (Savage, 1975)
Craugastor evanesco Ryan, Savage, Lips, and Giermakowski, 2010
Craugastor fecundus (McCranie and Wilson, 1997)
Craugastor fitzingeri (Schmidt, 1857)
Craugastor fleischmanni (Boettger, 1892)
Craugastor galacticorhinus (Canseco-Márquez and Smith, 2004)
Craugastor glaucus (Lynch, 1967)
Craugastor gollmeri (Peters, 1863)
Craugastor greggi (Bumzahem, 1955)
Craugastor guerreroensis (Lynch, 1967)
Craugastor gulosus (Cope, 1875)
Craugastor hobartsmithi (Taylor, 1937)
Craugastor inachus (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor jota (Lynch, 1980)
Craugastor laevissimus (Werner, 1896)
Craugastor laticeps (Duméril, 1853)
Craugastor lauraster (Savage, McCranie, and Espinal, 1996)
Craugastor lineatus (Brocchi, 1879)
Craugastor loki (Shannon and Werler, 1955)
Craugastor longirostris (Boulenger, 1898)
Craugastor matudai (Taylor, 1941)
Craugastor megacephalus (Cope, 1875)
Craugastor megalotympanum (Shannon and Werler, 1955)
Craugastor melanostictus (Cope, 1875)
Craugastor merendonensis (Schmidt, 1933)
Craugastor mexicanus (Brocchi, 1877)
Craugastor milesi (Schmidt, 1933)
Craugastor mimus (Taylor, 1955)
Craugastor monnichorum (Dunn, 1940)
Craugastor montanus (Taylor, 1942)
Craugastor myllomyllon (Savage, 2000)
Craugastor nefrens (Smith, 2005)
Craugastor noblei (Barbour and Dunn, 1921)
Craugastor obesus (Barbour, 1928)
Craugastor occidentalis (Taylor, 1941)
Craugastor olanchano (McCranie and Wilson, 1999)
Craugastor omiltemanus (Günther, 1900)
Craugastor omoaensis (McCranie and Wilson, 1997)
Craugastor opimus (Savage and Myers, 2002)
Craugastor palenque (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor pechorum (McCranie and Wilson, 1999)
Craugastor pelorus (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor persimilis (Barbour, 1926)
Craugastor phasma (Lips and Savage, 1996)
Craugastor podiciferus (Cope, 1875)
Craugastor polymniae (Campbell, Lamar, and Hillis, 1989)
Craugastor polyptychus (Cope, 1886)
Craugastor pozo (Johnson and Savage, 1995)
Craugastor psephosypharus (Campbell, Savage, and Meyer, 1994)
Craugastor punctariolus (Peters, 1863)
Craugastor pygmaeus (Taylor, 1937)
Craugastor raniformis (Boulenger, 1896)
Craugastor ranoides (Cope, 1886)
Craugastor rayo (Savage and DeWeese, 1979)
Craugastor rhodopis (Cope, 1867)
Craugastor rhyacobatrachus (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor rivulus (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor rostralis (Werner, 1896)
Craugastor rugosus (Peters, 1873)
Craugastor rugulosus (Cope, 1870)
Craugastor rupinius (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor sabrinus (Campbell and Savage, 2000)
Craugastor saltator (Taylor, 1941)
Craugastor saltuarius (McCranie and Wilson, 1997)
Craugastor sandersoni (Schmidt, 1941)
Craugastor silvicola (Lynch, 1967)
Craugastor spatulatus (Smith, 1939)
Craugastor stadelmani (Schmidt, 1936)
Craugastor stejnegerianus (Cope, 1893)
Craugastor stuarti (Lynch, 1967)
Craugastor tabasarae (Savage, Hollingsworth, Lips, and Jaslow, 2004)
Craugastor talamancae (Dunn, 1931)
Craugastor tarahumaraensis (Taylor, 1940)
Craugastor taurus (Taylor, 1958)
Craugastor taylori (Lynch, 1966)
Craugastor trachydermus (Campbell, 1994)
Craugastor underwoodi (Boulenger, 1896)
Craugastor uno (Savage, 1985)
Craugastor vocalis (Taylor, 1940)
Craugastor vulcani (Shannon and Werler, 1955)
Craugastor xucanebi (Stuart, 1941)
Craugastor yucatanensis (Lynch, 1965)

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