Theloderma Tschudi, 1838
Theloderma Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr.: 32, 75. Type species: Theloderma leporosa Tschudi, 1838, by monotypy.
Phrynoderma Boulenger, 1893, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, Ser. 2, 13: 341. Type species: Phrynoderma asperum Boulenger, 1893, by monotypy. Synonymy by Taylor, 1962, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull., 43: 519.
English Names
Bug-eyed Frogs (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 114; Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 72).
Warty Treefrogs (Li, Zhao, and Dong, 2010, Amph. Rept. Tibet: 72).
Distribution
Sri Lanka; northeastern India to Myanmar and southern China through Indochina to Malaya and Sumatra.
Comment
See comments under Theloderma moloch and Nyctixalus. Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 139, considered Theloderma to be the sister taxon of Philautus. Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006, Russ. J. Herpetol., 13: 155-163, provided a brief discussion of the genus. Yu, Rao, Zhang, and Yang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 50: 571-579, considered Theoderma to form the sister taxon of Nyctixalus and, together, all rhacophorids excluding Liuixalus and Buergeria. Li, Che, Murphy, Zhao, Zhao, Rao, and Zhang, 2009, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 53: 509-522, suggested on the basis of molecular evidence that Theloderma as currently constructed is not monophyletic. Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011, Zootaxa, 3098: 1-20, reviewed the diagnoses of the species as well as the molecular data provided so far ads suggested that the inclusion of Theloderma moloch (provided the published DNA sequences are correctly referred to this species) renders Theloderma nonmonophyletic, as does the inclusion of nominal Nyctixalus pictus (and likely all of Nyctixalus) high up within the Theloderma clade. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, provided a tree of examplar species as part of their study of Genbank sequences, and confirmed the polyphyly of Theloderma.
Contained taxa
- Theloderma andersoni (Ahl, 1927)
- Theloderma asperum (Boulenger, 1886)
- Theloderma baibengensis (Jiang, Fei, and Huang, 2009)
- Theloderma bambusicolum Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012
- Theloderma bicolor (Bourret, 1937)
- Theloderma chuyangsinense Orlov, Poyarkov, Vassilieva, Ananjeva, Nguyen, Sang, and Geissler, 2012
- Theloderma corticale (Boulenger, 1903)
- Theloderma gordoni Taylor, 1962
- Theloderma horridum (Boulenger, 1903)
- Theloderma kwangsiense Liu and Hu, 1962
- Theloderma laeve (Smith, 1924)
- Theloderma lateriticum Bain, Nguyen, and Doan, 2009
- Theloderma leporosum Tschudi, 1838
- Theloderma licin McLeod and Norhayati, 2007
- Theloderma nagalandense Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006
- Theloderma nebulosum Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011
- Theloderma palliatum Rowley, Le, Hoang, Dau, and Cao, 2011
- Theloderma phrynoderma (Ahl, 1927)
- Theloderma rhododiscus (Liu and Hu, 1962)
- Theloderma ryabovi Orlov, Dutta, Ghate, and Kent, 2006
- Theloderma stellatum Taylor, 1962
- Theloderma truongsonense Orlov and Ho, 2005
External Links
Please note: these links will take you to external websites not affiliated with the American Museum of Natural History. We are not responsible for their content.
- For additional sources of information from other sites search Google
- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
