Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826
Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826, Neue Class. Rept.: 39. Type species: Bufo ephippium Spix, 1824, by monotypy.
Ephippipher Cocteau, 1835, Mag. Zool., Guérin, 5: 12. Replacement name for Brachycephalus Fitzinger, 1826.
Ephippifer — Agassiz, 1845, Nomencl. Zool., Fasc. 7 & 8: 17. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Ephippipher Cocteau, 1835.
Psyllophryne Izecksohn, 1971, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 280: 2. Type species: Psyllophryne didactyla Izecksohn, 1971, by original designation. Synonymy by Kaplan, 2002, Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 227.
English Names
Saddleback Toads (Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 38).
Three-toed Toadlets (Halliday and Adler, 2002, New Encyclop. Rept. Amph.: 85).
Flea Toads (Napoli, Caramaschi, Cruz, and Dias, 2011, Zootaxa, 2739: 33).
Izecksohn's Toads (Psyllophryne [no longer recognized]: Frank and Ramus, 1995, Compl. Guide Scient. Common Names Amph. Rept. World: 38).
Distribution
Southeastern Brazil.
Comment
See comments on the status of the former nominal genera Brachycephalus and Psyllophryne by Pombal, Wistuba, and Bornschein, 1998, J. Herpetol., 32: 70-74, as well as by Kaplan, 2002, Amphibia-Reptilia, 23: 227. See comments under Adelophryne and Euparkerella. Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad, and Reis, 2006, Herpetologica, 62: 221-233, provided considerable information on the external morphology and osteology of the species of Brachycephalus. Silva, Campos, and Sebben, 2007, Zootaxa, 1422: 59-68, commented on the auditory region and the monophyly of the genus. Heinicke, Duellman, and Hedges, 2007, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104: 10092-10097, provided additional evidence for Brachycephalus being imbedded within the former Eleutherodactylinae. See comment under Brachycephalidae. Pombal, 2010, Bol. Mus. Nac., Rio de Janeiro, N.S., Zool., 526: 1-12, redelimited the species of Brachycephalus. Clemente-Carvalho, Klaczko, Perez, Alves, Haddad, and Reis, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 77-89, reported on molecular phylogenetics and phenotypic diversity. Pyron and Wiens, 2011, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol., 61: 543-583, in their study of Genbank sequences, confirmed the sister taxon relationship of Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema.
Contained taxa
- Brachycephalus alipioi Pombal and Gasparini, 2006
- Brachycephalus atelopoide Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Brachycephalus brunneus Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad, and Reis, 2005
- Brachycephalus bufonoides Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Brachycephalus didactylus (Izecksohn, 1971)
- Brachycephalus ephippium (Spix, 1824)
- Brachycephalus ferruginus Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad, and Reis, 2006
- Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Brachycephalus guarani Clemente-Carvalho, Giaretta, Condez, Haddad, and Reis, 2012
- Brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998)
- Brachycephalus izecksohni Ribeiro, Alves, Haddad, and Reis, 2005
- Brachycephalus margaritatus Pombal and Izecksohn, 2011
- Brachycephalus nodoterga Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920
- Brachycephalus pernix Pombal, Wistuba, and Bornschein, 1998
- Brachycephalus pitanga Alves, Sawaya, Reis, and Haddad, 2009
- Brachycephalus pombali Alves, Ribeiro, Haddad, and Reis, 2006
- Brachycephalus pulex Napoli, Caramaschi, Cruz, and Dias, 2011
- Brachycephalus toby Haddad, Alves, Clemente-Carvalho, and Reis, 2010
- Brachycephalus vertebralis Pombal, 2001
- Brachydactylus tridactylus Garey, Lima, Hartmann, and Haddad, 2012
External Links
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- For images search Arkive, CalPhoto Images and Google Images
- To search the NIH genetic sequence database, see GenBank
