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George F. Barrowclough Ph.D., University of Minnesota, 1980 |
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George holding a Buff-fronted Owl, Goelet. |
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Research Dr. Barrowclough's research is concentrated on the systematics, population genetics, and conservation of birds. In particular, he has been interested in systematics of birds at the intraspecific level and especially in the description and analysis of patterns of geographic variation. Much of the analysis of this variation involves the use of population genetics theory and molecular data; most recently this has led to extensive use of coalescent theory with practical application to such threatened species as the Spotted Owl and California Gnatcatcher. Barrowclough has also been interested in the application of population genetics theory to problems of conservation biology. His work in this area has ranged from a seminal paper with Russell Lande (Lande and Barrowclough 1987) to recent work with Robert Rockwell on problems and techniques for the analysis of the genetical structure and size of populations. Barrowclough's field work currently concentrates in the boreal and cordilleran forests of North America and in the Guiana shield region of South America. This work mainly involves the collection of skeletal specimens for morphometric analysis and tissue samples for molecular analysis of DNA sequences. |
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Recent publications Barrowclough, G. F., and N. R. Flesness. "Species, Subspecies, and Races: The Problem of Units of Management in Conservation." In Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques, ed. D. G. Kleiman, M. E. Allen, K. V. Thompson, S. Lumpkin, and H. Harris, 247-254. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Rockwell, R. F., and G. F. Barrowclough. "Effective Population Size and Lifetime Reproductive Success." Conservation Biology 9 (1995): 1225-1233. Barrowclough, G. F., and R. F. Rockwell. "Variance of Lifetime Reproductive Success: Estimation Based on Demographic Data." American Naturalist 141 (1993): 281-295. Barrowclough, G. F. "Biochemical Studies of the Higher Level Systematics of Birds." Bulletin of the British Ornithology Club 112A (1992) :39-52. Barrowclough, G. F. "Systematics, Biodiversity, and Conservation Biology." In Systematics, Ecology and the Biodiversity Crisis, ed. N. Eldredge, 121-143. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. Barrowclough, G. F. "The Description of Geographic Variation in Bird Populations." In Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, ed. B. D. Bell, 495-503. Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Ornithology Congress Trust Board, 1991. Willard, D. E., M. S. Foster, G. F. Barrowclough, R. W. Dickerman, P. F. Cannell, S. L. Coats, J. L. Cracraft, and J. P. O'Neill. "The Birds of Cerro de la Neblina, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela." Fieldiana 65(1991): 1-80. Barrowclough, G. F., and R. J. Gutiérrez. "Genetic Variation and Differentiation in the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis)." Auk 107(1990): 737-744. Barrowclough, G. F., and N. K. Johnson. "Genetic Structure of North American Birds." In Acta XIX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, ed. H. Ouellet, 1630-1638. Ottawa, Canada: National Museum of Natural Science, 1988. Lande, R., and G. F. Barrowclough. "Effective Population Size, Genetic Variation, and their Use in Population Management." In Viable Populations for Conservation, ed. M. E. Soulé, 87-123. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. |
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Joel Cracraft Adjunct Professor, Columbia University Systematics Agenda 2000 International (IUBS), Co-chair, Steering Committee Scientific Steering Committee, DIVERSITAS, Member American Ornithologists' Union, Fellow, International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology, Council (1990) Society of Systematic Biologists, President (1992-1993) Elliott Coues Award, American Ornithologists' Union (1993) Ph.D., Columbia University, 1969 |
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Research Dr. Cracraft's major interests include systematic theory, speciation analysis, biological diversification, avian higher-level relationships, historical biogeography, and molecular systematics and evolution. Using DNA sequence information, Cracraft and his students are investigating the phylogenetic relationships of a variety of different avian groups. For example, such studies are being used to reconstruct the evolutionary radiation of birds-of-paradise and related families within Australasia. Special attention is being paid to patterns of endemism in order to develop a general hypothesis about the biogeographic history of the Australasian avifauna. Cracraft and co-workers have also undertaken studies on the conservation genetics of tigers. Dr. Cracraft is Co-chairman of the Systematics Agenda 2000 International, a program of the International Union of Biological Sciences endeavoring to promote basic research and training in biodiversity and systematics science. He is also a participating curator for the future Hall of Life's Diversity exhibition at AMNH. He is primarily responsible for the curation of the Central African Republic rainforest diorama which will occupy a large portion of the Hall. |
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Recent publications Cracraft, J. "The Urgency of Building Global Capacity for Biodiversity Science." Biodiversity and Conservation 4(1995): 463-475. Cracraft, J. "Species Diversity, Biogeography, and the Evolution of Biotas." American Zoologist 34(1994): 33-47. Cracraft, J. "Explaining Patterns of Biological Diversity: Integrating Causatian at Different Spatial and Temporal Scales." In Systematics, Ecology and the Biodiversity Crisis, ed. N. Eldredge, 59-76. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. Cracraft, J. "Patterns of Diversification within Continental Biotas: Hierarchical Congruence among the Areas of Endemism of Australian Vertebrates." Australian Systematic Botany 4(1991): 211-227. Miyamoto, M. M. and J. Cracraft, eds. Phylogenetic Analysis of DNA Sequences. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991. Cracraft, J. "The Major Clades of Birds." In The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Vol. 1, ed. M. J. Benton, 339-361. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. Cracraft, J., and R. O. Prum. "Patterns and Processes of Diversification: Speciation and Historical Congruence in Some Neotropical Birds." Evolution 42(1988): 603-620. Cracraft, J. "Origin and Evolution of Continental Biotas: Speciation and Historical Congruence within the Australian Avifauna." Evolution 40 (1986): 977-996. Cracraft, J. "Biological Diversification and Its Causes." Annals Missouri Botanical Garden 72(1985): 794-822. Eldredge, N., and J. Cracraft. Phylogenetic Patterns and the Evolutionary Process: Method and Theory in Comparative Biology. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. |
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François Vuilleumier American Association for the Advancement of Science, Fellow American Ornithologists' Union, Elected Fellow Société ornithologique de France, Corresponding Fellow Adjunct Professor, CUNY Editorial positions:
Ph.D., Harvard University, 1967 |
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Research Dr. Vuilleumier's research program is designed to answer a number of questions about the mode of speciation of birds living in Patagonia (southern South America, also including the Falkland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands), and about the patterns of species diversity detectable in the modern avifauna. No group of species is singled out, and the analysis is carried out on the entire fauna. However, Vuilleumier is analyzing two key genera in greater detail as model systems. A second research program is designed to elucidate the patterns of origination of the avifaunas now living in southern beech (Nothofagus) forests at the southern end of the world (southern Chile and Argentina, New Zealand, Tasmania, etc.). Vuilleumier is investigating one problem in particular‹the possibility that different phylogenetic stocks in these isolated regions have converged toward similar ecological feeding modes. In addition, Vuilleumier is doing research on the biogeography of polar birds and has published three papers in the last two years with more forthcoming. Because Vuilleumier's field work in Patagonia has been geographically and temporally comprehensive, he is writing a field guide to the birds of Patagonia, for which he is also drawing the color plates. |
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Recent publications Vuilleumier, F., and A.V. Andors. "Origins and Development of North American Avian Biogeography." In Contributions to the History of North American Ornithology, ed. W.E. Davis, Jr. and J.A. Jackson, 387-428. Memoirs of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, no. 12. Cambridge, MA, 1995. Vuilleumier, F. "Status of the Ruddy-Headed Goose Chloephaga rubidiceps (Aves, Anatidae): A Species in Serious Danger of Extinction in Fuego-Patagonia." Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 67(1994): 341-349. Vuilleumier, F., and M. LeCroy. "Guidelines for the Description of New Species in Ornithology." Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, Centenary Supplement 112A(1992): 191-198. Vuilleumier, F. "A Quantitative Survey of Speciation Phenomena in Patagonian Birds." Ornitologia Neotropical 2(1991): 5-28. Vuilleumier, F. "Avian Diversity in Tropical Ecosystems of South America and the Design of National Parks." Biota Bulletin 1(1988): 5-32. |
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