Pearl Bibliography
Note: This bibliography does not claim to be comprehensive, but will hopefully present the reader with sufficient leads to enter the subject of pearls. Bibliographies associated with each of these works should be consulted for further information.
Compiled Volumes
Gervis, M. H. 1991. A bibliographie of the pearl oysters (Bivalvia: Pteriidae). ICLARM Contributions no. 765, Australia.
Jungbluth, J. H., H. E. Coomans and H. Grohs. 1985. Bibliographie der Flussperlmuschel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) [Mollusca: Pelecypoda]. Verslagen en Technische Gegevens, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie (Zoologisch Museum), Universiteit van Amsterdam, no. 41, 220 pp. [Extensive bibliography]
Ranson, G. 1959. Mollusques perliers et perles (bibliographie). Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, no. 1140, 43 pp.
Theses, Papers, and Books
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Adams, L. E. 1903. An account of the mussel fishery and pearl-button industry of the Mississippi River. Journal of Conchology, 11(2): 212-215.
Addadi, L. and S. Weiner. 1997. A pavement of pearl. Nature, 389: 912-913.
Akamatsu, S. 1999. The present and future of Akoya cultured pearls. Gems and Gemology, 35(3): 73-74.
Akamatsu, S., Li Tajima Zansheng, T. M. Moses, and K. Scarratt. 2001. The current status of Chinese freshwater cultured pearls. Gems & Gemology, summer 2001: 96-113.
Alagarswami, K. 1970. Pearl culture in Japan and its lessons for India. Proc. Symp. Mollusca, part III, Marine Biological Association of India: 975-993.
Alagarswami, K. 1974. Development of cultured pearls in India. Current Science, 43(7): 205-207.
Albertus Magnus [translated by Dorothy Wyckoff]. 1967. Book of Minerals. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Alexander, A. E. 1939. Pearls through artifice. Scientific American, 160(4): 228-229.
Alfonso X of Castile [edited by J. Fernandez Montana]. 1881. Lapidario del rey d. Alfonso X; Codice Original. Madrid.
Allan, Joyce. 1934. Pearl from a freshwater mussel, and notes on the occurrence of pearls. The Victorian Naturalist, 51: 166-169.
Allen, J. A. 1912. Maine pearls. The Nautilus, 25(10): 120.
Al-Madfa, H., M. A. R. Abdel-Moati, and F. H. Al-Gimaly. 1998. Pinctada radiata (pearl oyster): a bioindicator for metal pollution monitoring in the Qatari waters (Arabian Gulf). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 60(2): 245-251.
Almatar, S. M., K. E. Carpenter, R. Jackson, S. H. Alhazeem, A. H. Al-Saffar, A. R. Abdul-Ghaffar, and C. Carpenter. 1993. Observations on the pearl oyster fishery of Kuwait. Journal of Shellfish Research, 12(1): 35-40.
Alverdes, F. 1913. Über Perlen und Perlbildung. Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 105(4): 598-633, pls. 30-31.
Alverdes, F. 1913. Versuche über die künstliche Erzeugung von Mantelperlen bei Süßwassermuscheln. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 42(10): 441-458.
Alverdes, F. 1920. Über Perlen und Perlbildung. Naturwissenschaftliche Wochenschrift, NF 19 (31): 481-484.
Anonymous. n.d. The romance of pearl buttons. American Pearl Button Company, Washington, Iowa, 15 pp.
Anonymous. n.d. Pearls of the Mississippi. Hawkeye Pearl Button Co., Muscatine, Iowa. Record Printing Co., Muscatine, Iowa, 34 pp.
Anonymous. 18xx. Pearls in the Persian Gulf. Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, 19: 157-160.
Anonymous. 1902. The manufacture of pearl buttons from freshwater mussels. The Nautilus, 16(6): 70.
Anonymous. 1903. [Largest freshwater pearl.] The Nautilus, 17(6): 72.
Anonymous. 1906. Output of American pearls. The Nautilus, 20(1): 9-10.
Anonymous. 1907. Pearl industry in the United States. Scientific American Supplement 64: 231.
Anonymous. 1909. The pearl button: light on a great industry. Scientific American Supplement 67(1743): 350.
Anonymous. 1985. Pearls. Gems and Gemology, 21(Fall 1985): 187.
Anonymous. 1995. Freshwater pearls: China producing nucleated rounds. Jewellery News Asia, May 1995: 56, 58.
Anonymous. 1997. Cultured pearls from Indonesia. Gems and Gemology, 33(winter 1997): 304-305.
Anonymous. 1997. Imitation pearls – so-called “I Pearls” from Japan. Gems and Gemology, 33(winter 1997): 306.
Anonymous. 1998. Pearls, cultured, with dolomite beads. Gems and Gemology, 34(Summer): 130-131.
Anonymous. 1998. Pearls, freshwater cultivated. Gems and Gemology, Fall 1998: 216.
Anonymous. 1998. CMFRI develops new farming method [abstract]. Fish Farming International, 25(4): 4.
Anonymous. 1999. ‘Baby’ South Sea pearls put onto market. Jewellery News Asia, May 1999.
Anonymous. 1999. Mexico at initial stage of production. Jewellery News Asia, May 1999.
Anton, B. 1964. Pink pearls of Pakistan. Gems & Gemology, 11(6): 175-179, 191.
Allan, J. 19??. Pearl from a freshwater mussel, and notes on the occurrence of pearls. The Victorian Naturalist, 51: 166-169.
Appukuttan, K.K., T.S. Velayudhan, P.S. Kuraikose, P. Laxmilatha, V. Kripa, and K.A. Narasimhan. 1998. Farming experiments and transfer of technology of bivalve culture along the southwest coast of India. NAGA, 21(3): 23-26.
Arunachalam, S. 1952. The History of the Pearl Fishery of the Tamil Coast. Annamalai University Historical Series, no. 8.
Bachmayer, Friedrich, and Karl Uetz. 1975. Eine Perlbildung am Mundsaum einer Landschnecke (Canistrum ovoideum (Bruguière)). Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien, 79: 565-566, pl. 1.
Baer, O. 1995. Die Flussperlmuschel, Margaritifera margaritifera (L.). Neue Brehm-Bücherei Band 619. Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg, Germany.
Ball, S. H. 1941. The mining of gems and ornamental stones by American Indians. Smithsonian Institution Anthropological Papers no. 13.
Ball, S. H. 1950. A Roman Book on Precious Stones. Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California.
Ball, V., translator and editor. 1889. Travels in India, by Jean Baptiste Tavernier, baron of Aubonne, translated from the original French edition of 1676, with a biographical sketch of the author, notes, appendices, etc., 2 vols. Macmillan and Company, London and New York.
Barada, B. 1969. Freshwater pearls: a treasure bonanza for the inland diver. Skin Diver Magazine, January 1969: 52-55.
Bauer, Max. 1904 [1968 edition]. Precious Stones, 2 vols. Dover Publications, New York.
Beasley, C. R., and D. Roberts. 1999. Towards a strategy for the conservation of the freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera in County Donegal, Ireland, Biological Conservation, 89: 275-284.
Beasley, C. R., D. Roberts, and T. G. Mackie. 1998. Does the freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera L., face extinction in Northern Ireland? Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 8(2): 265-272.
Begum, M., M. Ismail, S. Ali, Z. Islam, and R. N. Paggatipunan. 1990. Studies on pearl culture in freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck). Bangladesh Journal of Zoology, 18(2): 223-227.
Birmingham, Nan. 1981. The peerless pearl. Town & Country, June 1981.
Blunt, Wilfrid. 1971. The Compleat Naturalist: A Life of Linnaeus. Collins St. James Place, London.
Boepple, J. 1900. Story of Mr. Boepple [letter to the editor from Boepple]. Muscatine Journal, 04 October: 4.
Boettger, ?. 1954. Flußperlmuschel und Perlenfischerei in der Lüneburger Heide. Abhandlungen der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 6: 1-40.
Bolman, J. 1941. The mystery of the pearl. Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie, Leiden, suppl. to vol. 39: 1-170, 37 pls.
Bosshart, G., H. Ho, E. A. Jobbins, and K. Scarratt. 1993. Freshwater pearl cultivation in Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 23(6): 326-332.
Bostwick, L. 1943. Freaks among fresh-water pearls. Natural History, February: 102-105.
Boutan, Louis. 1903. L’origin réelle des perles fines. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences, 137: 1073-1075.
Boutan, Louis. 1923. Nouvelle étude sur les perles naturelles et sur les perles de culture. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, séries Botanique et Zoologie, ?, 91 pp.
Boutan, Louis. 1925. La Perle, Etude Generale de la Perle. Octave Doin, Paris.
Bower, S. M. 1992. Diseases and parasites of mussels. Pages 543-563, in The Mussel Mytilus: Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Culture, edited by E. Gosling, Elsevier, Amsterdam [etc.]
Bräutigan, A. 1990. Trade in unionids from the United States for the cultured pearl industry. Tentacle, 2: 6-7.
Brown, G. 1988. Paua shell: New Zealand’s distinctive organic gem. Australian Gemmologist, 16(10): 367-370.
Brown, G. 1994. Gemmology of the abalone and other gastropod pearls [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 332.
Brown, G., and S. M. B. Kelly. 1990. A rare baler shell pearl. Australian Gemmologist, 17(8): 307-308.
Brown, R. W. 1940. Fossil pearls from the Colorado group of western Kansas. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 39(9): 365-374.
Bruton, E. 19??. Legendary Gems or Gems that Made History. N.A.G. Press, Ipswich, Suffolk.
Budge, Sir E. A. Wallis. 1961. Amulets & Talismans. University Books, New Hyde Park, New York.
Buestel, D., S. Pouvreau, J. Tiaparri, S. Bougrier, J. M. Chariband, P. Geairon, and A. Fougerouse. 1995. Ecophysiologie de l’Huitre Perlier, Approche des Relations Entre la Croissance de l’Huitre Pinctada margaritifera et le Milieu dans le Lagon de Takapoto. IFREMER Taravao Tahiti (Polynesie Francaise), Rapport Interne DRV 95-18 RA/TAHITI.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 1. Living bivalve: orgins and relatives. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(2): 6-8.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 2. Distribution of nacreous & subnacreous bivalve genera & species. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(3): 4-7.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 6. North American freshwater bivalve biology, threats and dangers - no fish, no mussels. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(7): 4-5.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 7. A pearling family in North America – foragers, farmers, wholesale jewelers. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(8): 6-7.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 9. Pearl oyster taxonomy and its problems. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(10): 10-12.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 10. Where they live. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(11): 6-8.
Burch, B. L. 1995. Pearly shells – part 11. Mother-of-pearl – yesterday and today. Hawaiian Shell News, 43(12): 5-7.
Buscher, E. 1999. Natural pearls from the northern Cook Islands. Gems and Gemology, 35: 147-148.
Bussarawit, Somchai. 1995. Marine pearl farms of Phuket Island. Pages 41-42, in: Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop of the Tropical Marine Mollusc Progamme (TMMP) conducted in Indonesia at Sam Ratulangi University, Manado and Hasanuddinn University, Ujung Pandang, 12-23 September 1994, edited by J. Hylleberg and K. Ayyakkannu, Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 15.
Cáceres, C., and J. Chávez. 1997. The beginnings of pearl oyster culture in Baja California Sur, México. World Aquaculture, June 1997: 33-38.
Cáceres-Martínez, J., and R. Vásquez-Yeomans. 1999. Metazoan parasites and pearls in coexisting mussel species: Mytilus californianus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and Septifer bifurcatus, from an exposed rocky shore in Baja California, northwestern Mexico. The Veliger, 42(1): 10-16.
Cahn, A. R. 1949. Pearl Culture in Japan. General Headquarters, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Natural Resources Section, Report no. 122.
Cariño, M. 1996. The cultured pearl polemic. World Aquaculture, 27(1): 42-44.
Cariño, M. and M. Monteforte. 1999. El Primer Emporio Perlero Sustentable del Mundo. Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Carlson, Norma E. 1974. Pearl buttons. Of Sea & Shore, 4(4): 196.
Chansler, W. S. 1954. Musseling for shells and pearls. American Woodsman, July: 10-11, 35, 40, 45.
Chen, G., and J. Chen. 1987. The structure of a few natural pearls and pearl nuclei. J. Mar. Drugs Haiyang Yaowu, 6: 20-23.
Chen, J., and G. Chen. 1989. The crystal structure of pearls and related shellfish’s shells. Acta Oceanologica Sinica (English Edition), 8(1): 145-157.
Claassen, C. 1994. Washboards, pigtoes, and muckets: historic musseling in the Mississippi Watershed. Historical Archaeology, 28(2): 1-145.
Cobb, W. D. 1939. The Pearl of Allah. Natural History, 44(4): 197-202.
Coeroli, M. 1992. Les perles noires de Tahiti. Pages 99-104, in: Nacres et Perles, edited by F. Doumenge and A. Toulement, Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, Numéro spécial 8.
Coker, R. E. 1913. Demonstration of Dr. Herrick’s free pearls of forced production. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 42: 71-74.
Coker, R. F. 1919. Fresh-water mussels and mussel industries of the United States. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 36 (1917-1918): 11-90.
Comps, M., A. Fougerouse, and D. Buestel. 1998. A prokaryote infecting the black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 72(1): 87-89.
Comps, M., C. Herbaut, and A. Fougerouse. 1999. Virus-like particles in pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 19(2): 85-88.
Conover, Adele [with photographs by Lynda Richardson]. 1998. To reproduce, mussels go fishing. Smithsonian, 28(10): 64-71.
Content, Derek J., ed. 1999. The Pearl and the Dragon: a study of Vietnamese Pearls and a history of the oriental pearl trade. D. J. Content, Houlton, Maine, 108 pp.
Coomans, H. E. 1973. Pearl formation in gastropod shells. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, 29B(1-2): 55-64.
Coomans, H. E. 1977. Parelforming bij slacken. Vita Marina, 27: 147-158.
Costa-Pierce, Barry A. 1999. The development of pearl aquaculture in the Americas: results of a Sea Grant Gulf of Mexico regional workshop. Gulf of Mexico Science, 17(2): 99-102.
Cox, N., 1969, General features of Bivalvia, pp. N2-N129 in Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N (1 of 3), Mollusca 6, Bivalvia, edited by R. C. Moore, Geological Society of America and University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.
Creswell, R. L., and M. Davis-Hodgkins. 1994. Queen conch pearls – a uniquely Caribbean gem [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994, Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 332-333.
Cross, E. R. 1999. When is a pearl not a pearl? Skin Diver, 48(9): 32-33.
Crowningshield, G. R. 1962. Fresh-water cultured pearls. Gems and Gemology, 10(9): 259-273.
Cuif, J.-P. 1992. Données actuelles concernant la structure et la composition de la nacre et des perles. Pages 77-87, in: Nacres et Perles, edited by F. Doumenge and A. Toulement, Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, Numéro spécial 8.
Cuif, J.-P., Y. Dauphin, C. Stoppa, and S. Beeck. 1993. Forme, structure et couleurs des perles de Polynésie. Revue de Gemmologie a.f.g., no. 114: 3-6
Dakin, W. J. 1913. Pearls. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 144 pp.
Dall, W. H. 1883. Pearls and pearl fisheries, part I. The American Naturalist, 17(6): 579-587.
Dalyrymple, Alexander. 1770. An Historical Collection of Several Voyages and Discoveries in the South Pacific Ocean, vol. 1. Published by the Author and printed by J. Nourse, T. Payne and P. Elmsley, London.
Dartevelle, E. 1934. Les perles fossils. Journal de Conchyliologie, 78(3): 169-175.
Dauphin, Y. 2000. Comparison of the soluble organic matrices of healthy and diseased shells of Pinctada margaritifera (L.) and Pecten maximus L. (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 76: 49-55.
de Boodt, Anselmus Boetius. 1609. Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia (1600). Hanoviae.
Dev, D. S. 1994. Commercial production of Indian pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata) spats in hatchery [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 333.
Dexter, R. W. 1954. An unusual pearl from a freshwater mussel and a pearl-like growth from a crayfish. Ohio Journal of Science, 54: 241-242.
Dickenson, Joan Younger. 1968. The Book of Pearls: Their History and Romance from Antiquity to Modern Times. Crown Publishers, New York.
DiNoto, A. 1983. Pearlescence. Connoisseur, [Aug. 1983]: 76-87.
Dix, T. G. 1972. Histochemistry of mantle and pearl sac secretory cells in Pinctada maxima (Lamellibranchia). Australian Journal of Zoology, 20: 359-368.
Dix, T. G. 1973. Histology of the mantle and pearl sac of the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Lamellibranchia). Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia, 2(4): 365-375.
Dolmen, D., and E. Kleiven. 1997. Elvemuslingen Margaritifera margaritifera I Norge [The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in Norway] (in Norwegian). Vitenskapsmuseet Rapport Zoologisk Serie, no. 6, 27 pp.
Donkin, R. A. 1998. Beyond Price: Pearls and Pearl Fishing: Origins to the Age of Discoveries. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
Doroudi, M. S. 1996. Infestation of pearl oysters by boring and fouling organisms in the northern Persian Gulf. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences, 25(2): 168-169.
Doubilet, David. 1991. Australia’s magnificane pearls. National Geographic, 180(6): 109-123.
Doubilet, David. 1997. Black pearls of French Polynesia. National Geographic, 191(6): 30-37.
Doumenge, F. 1992. Nacres et perles, traditions et changements. Pages 1-52, in: Nacres et Perles, edited by F. Doumenge and A. Toulement, Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, Numéro spécial 8.
Doumenge, F., J. Branellec, and A. Toulemont. 1991. The South Sea Pearls: the Philippine Golden Pearl. Musée Océanographique, Monaco.
Doumenge, F., A. Toulemont, and J. Branellec. 1991. Abysses collection 2. The pearls of the South Seas, the golden pearl of the Philippines. Musée Oceanographique, Monaco, 56 pp., illus., maps, paper.
Du, X., H. He, and X. Wu. 1991. Studies on the development of the pearl sac in the pearl oyster Cristaria plicata Leach (Lamellibranchiata). Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 15(3): 227-233.
Dubois, Raphael. 1901. Sur le mécanisme de la formation des perles fines dans le Mytilus edulis. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, 133: 603-605.
Dubois, Raphael. 1903. Sur l’acclimatation et la culture méthodique des huîtres perlières varies et la production intensive des perles fines. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie, séance du 24 Octobre 1903, vol. 55.
Dubois, Raphael. 1909. Contribution a l’étude des perles fines de la nacre et des animaux qui les produisent. Annales de l’Université de Lyon, nouvelle série. I. Sciences, Médecine, 29, 127 pp., 4 pls.
Dybdahl, R., and D. A. Pass. 1985. An investigation of the mortality of the pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, in Western Australia. Fisheries Department of Western Australia, report no. 71.
Dybdahl, R., and A. Rose. 1986. The pearl oyster fishery in Western Australia. Pp. 122-132, in Torres Strait Fisheries Seminar, Port Moresby, 11-14 Feb. 1985, A. K. Haines, C. G. Williams, and C. Coates (eds.), Australian Government Publication Service, Canberra.
Edwards, Hugh. 1994. Pearls of Broome and Northern Australia. Published by the author, Swanbourne, Western Australia.
Estrada, Genaro. 1977. El cultivo y la explotación de la concha perla en la costa mexicana del Pacífico. Las Perlas de Baja California, Departamento de Pesca, México, pp. 65-80.
Fales, Martha Gandy. 1995. Jewelry in America, 1600-1900. Antique Collectors’ Club, Woodbridge, Suffolk, England.
Fankboner, P. [V.]. 1991. Pearl culture in abalone. INFOFISH International, [April 1991]: 52-55.
Fankboner, P. V. 1993. Pearls and abalones. Aquaculture Magazine, 19(6): 28-38.
Fankboner, P. V. 1994. Abalone pearls: past, present and future [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 333-334.
Fankboner, P. V. 1994. Process for Producing Pearls in Abalone and Other Shell-Bearing Molluska [sic] and Nucleus Used Therewith. United States Patent 5,347,951.
Fankboner, P. V. 1995. Abalone pearls: natural and cultured. Canadian Gemmologist, 16(1): 3-8.
FAO/UNDP Regional Seafarming Project. 1991. Training Manual on Pearl Oyster Farming and Pearl Culture in India. Prepared for the Pearl Oyster Farming and Pearl Culture Training Course conducted by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Tuticorin, India, and organized by the Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project, Training Manual 8.
Farn, A. E. 1986. Pearls: Natural, Cultured and Imitation. Butterworths, London.
Farrel-Beck, J. A., and R. H. Meints. 1983. The role of technology in the fresh-water pearl button industry of Muscatine, Iowa, 1891-1910. The Annals of Iowa, (3)47(1): 3-18.
Farrell, S., D. McLaurin, and E. Arizmendi. 1994. Perspectives and opportunities of pearl oyster culture development on the coast of Sonora, Gulf of California, Mexico [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 334-335.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1991. Farming jewels: the aquaculture of pearls. Aquaculture Magazine, 17(5): 34-52.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1991. The return of the American pearl. Aquaculture Magazine, 17(6): 63-78.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1992. Pearls: an update. Shrimp, abalone and backyard farming. Aquaculture Magazine, 18(3): 66-70.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1993. Pearls ’94: First International Conference. South Pacific Commission, Pearl Oyster Information Bulletin, 6: 33-34.
Fassler, [C.] Richard. 1994. Abstracts of papers presented at Pearls ’94, International Pearl Conference at Honolulu, Hawaii, May 14-19, 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 325-354.
Fassler, [C.] Richard. 1994. Hawaii’s impact on the international pearl industry [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 335-336.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1995. Farming jewels: new developments in pearl farming. World Aquaculture, 26(3): 4-10.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1996. The American mussel crisis: effects on the world pearl industry, part II. Aquaculture Magazine, 22(5): 59-70.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1996. The American mussel crisis: effects on the world pearl industry, part 1. Aquaculture Magazine, 22(4-5): 42-54.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1997. The American mussel crisis: effects on the world pearl industry. Pages 265-277, in: Conservation and Management of Freshwater Mussels II: Initiatives for the Future, edited by K. S. Cummings, A. C. Buchanan, C. A. Mayer, and T. J. Naimo, Proceedings of a UMRCC Symposium, 16-18 October, 1995, St. Louis, Missouri. Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois.
Fassler, C. Richard. 1999. Recent developments in the farming and marketing of Mexican pearls [abstract]. Abstracts, World Aquaculture Society meeting, 1999.
Federman, David. 19??. Gem Profile: Abalone mabe: opal of the sea. Modern Jeweler, ?: 28.
Feng, Y. 1997. Present situation and prospects of China freshwater pearl breeding. China Gems, 6(4): 35-37.
Fraussen, K., and L. Fraussen. 2000. Description of pearls from Glycymeris pilosa. La Conchiglia, 32(294-295): 28-31.
Friedman, K. J., and J. D. Bell. 1996. Effects of different substrata and protective mesh bags on collection of spat of the pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758) and Pinctada maculata (Gould, 1850). Journal of Shellfish Research, 15(3): 535-541.
Friedman, K. J., J. D. Bell, and G. Tiroba. 1998. Availability of wild spat of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera, from ‘open’ reef systems in Solomon Islands. Aquaculture, 167(3-4): 283-299.
Friedman, K. J., and P. C. Southgate. 1999. Growth of blacklip pearl oysters, Pinctada margaritifera collected as wild spat in the Solomon Islands. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18(1): 159-167.
Fritsch, E., and E. B. Misiorowski. 1987. The history and gemology of queen conch “pearls.” Gems and Gemology, 23: 208-221.
Gaevsky, A. A. 1926. Northern pearls [in Russian]. Karelo-Murmanskij kraj, no. 21: 5-8.
Galtsoff, Paul. 1950. The Pearl Oyster Ressources of Panama. U.S. Department of the Interior, Special Scientific Report – Fisheries, no. 28.
Galtsoff, Paul. 1952. The Pearl Fishery of Venezuela. U.S. Department of the Interior, Special Scientific Report – Fisheries, no. 26.
García-Domínguez, F., B. P. Ceballos-Vázquez, and A. Tripp. 1996. Spawning cycle of the pearl oyster, Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) (Pteriidae) at Isla Espíritu Santo, Baja California Sur, México. Journal of Shellfish Research, 15(2): 297-303.
Garner, R. 1873. On the formation of British pearls and their possible improvement. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 11: 426-428.
Ge, Xian Piang. 1996. [Freshwater Mussel Pearl Culturing and Pearl-Processing Techniques in Question and Answer Format] (in Chinese; English translation provided by M. and C. Chan). Farmer's Practical Techniques series, General Science Publishers, Beijing, China.
Geiger, Malachias. 1637. Margaritologiae. Munich.
George, C. D. 1994. Concept of the South Sea pearl and its future from lessons of the past [abstract]. Abstracts, Pearls ’94, Honolulu, Hawaii, 14-19 May 1994. Journal of Shellfish Research, 13(1): 336.
George, Denis C. 1967. The cultured pearl; its history and development to the present day. Lapidary Journal of America, 7-9.
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Paula M. Mikkelsen, Ph.D., Curator of Malacology
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Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192
Tel. 212/769-5244 / Fax 212/769-5277
email: mikkel@amnh.org
| Malacology | Collections | Personnel | Malacology Research | Dr. Paula M. Mikkelsen |
| Invertebrate Zoology | AMNH Research | AMNH |
