Amphibian Species of the World 5.1, an Online Reference

Museum abbreviations

The following museum abbreviations were drawn originally from Leviton et al. (1980, Museum acronyms. Second edition, Herpetol. Rev., 11: 93-102), with corrections and additions. Where known, mailing addresses have been included to facilitate communication with curators.

AIM: Auckland [Institute and] Museum, Private Bag, Auckland, New Zealand.

AL-MNRJ: Adolpho Lutz collection in MNRJ.

AMS: Australian Museum, Department of Herpetology, 6-8 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.

AMG: Albany Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa. Collection transferred to the PEM in 1993.

AMNH: American Museum of Natural History, Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology), 79th Street and Central Park West, New York, New York 10024, USA.

ANSP: Academy of Natural Sciences, Department of Herpetology, 19th and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, USA.

ASU: School of Life Sciences, Herpetology Collection, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501, USA.

AZM: Australian Zoological Museum, Katoomba, New South Wales, Australia (personal collection of Richard Wells and, according to Iverson et al. (2001, J. Herpetol. 35: 361-368) who suggested that the specimens are not available for examination).

BM: The Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. (Formerly the British Museum [Natural History].)

BNHM: Bombay Natural History Museum, Hornbill House, Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, Bombay 400 023, India.

BPBM: Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Department of Zoology, 1355 Kalihi Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96818, USA.

BSPHM: Bayerische Staatssammlung fur Paläontologie und historische Geologie, München, Germany. (Includes the former G. Brunner collection.)

BYU: Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.

CARE: Albert R. Estrada Collection, Habana, Cuba.

CAS: California Academy of Sciences, Department of Herpetology, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California 94118, USA.

CAS-SU: Stanford University collection; now maintained in CAS.

CBF: Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Herpetología, Calle 26, Cota-Cota, La Paz, Bolivia.

CCB: Central College, Bangalore, India.

CENAI: Centro Nacional de Iologia, Buenos Aires, Argentina; now in MACN.

CET: Centro de Estudios Tropicales, Sevilla, Spain.

CFBH: Celio F.B. Haddad Collection; to be deposited in the Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus de Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.

CHAS: Chicago Academy of Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

CHINM: Instituto Nacional de Microbiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Transferred to MACN.

CHM: Charleston Museum, 121 Rutledge Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29401, USA.

CHUNB: Colecão Herpetológica da Universidade de Brasília, Brasília,DF, Brazil.

CIB: Chengdu Institute of Biology, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.

CM: Carnegie Museum, Department of Herpetology, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.

CNHM: Chengdu Natural History Museum. Chengdu, P.R. China. [Odorrana junlianensis]

CPS: University of Puget Sound, Slater Museum of Natural History, 1500 N.Warner Street, Tacoma, Washington 98416, USA.

CRE: Costa Rica Expeditions, now in LACM.

CSNM: Cincinnati Society of Natural History; now Museum of Natural History and Science, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45203-1130, USA.

CU: Cornell University, Division of Biological Sciences, Ithaca, NewYork 14853, USA.

CUZM: Chulalongkorn University, Zoological Museum, 254 Phyathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok Thailand. 10330

CVULA: Coleccion Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, La Hechicera, Universidad de los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela. Formerly UALM.

CZACC: Colección Zoologia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana, Cuba.

DBCUCH: Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Biología Celular y Genética, Casilla 6556, Santiago 7, Chile.

DBSNU: Department of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P.R. China.

DCN-UNRC: Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Argentina.

DFCH-USFQ: Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia Collection, College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Casilla Postal 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador.

DHMECN: División de Herpetología, Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador.

DMNH: Delaware Museum of Natural History, PO Box 3937, Greenville, Delaware 19807, USA.

DZKU: Department of Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi, P.R. China.

EBD: Estación Biológica de Doñana, Sevilla, Spain.

EBRG: Museo de la Estación Biología de Rancho Grande, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela.

EBUAP: Laboratorio de Herpetología, Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, C.P. 72570. Puebla, México.

EHT: Edward H. Taylor Collection. Now dispersed to CAS, CMNH, FMNH, and UIMNH.

EHT-HMS: Edward H. TaylorHobart M. Smith collection. Now divided between the FMNH and UIMNH.

EI: Eugenio Izecksohn Collection, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, 23460 Seropédica, Itaguai, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

EPN-H: Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Colección Herpetología, Apartado 25759, Quito, Ecuador.

ERA-WTN: E. Ross AllenWilfred T. Neill collection. Now in FSM.

EWU: Ewha Women's University Natural History Museum, 11-1 Daehyun-Dong, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-750 Korea.

FAS: Frederick A. Shannon Collection; now in UIMNH.

FML: Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 205, Tucumán 4000, Argentina.

FMNH: Field Museum, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA.

FPC: Floyd Potter Collection. Location currently unknown. [Eurycea pterophila]

FSM: Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Museum Road, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.

FU: Fudan University, Department of Biology, Shanghai, Guangdong, P.R. China.

FUE: Fukuoka University of Education, Munakata, Fukuoka, Japan.

GIN: Geological Institution of the Russian Federation. Moscow, Russia.

GMC: Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R. China.

GNU: Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, P.R. China.

GSMNP: Great Smoky Mountains National Park [Plethodon oconoluftee]

GXUA: Guangxi Maoershan National Reserve collection, Guilin 541300, Guangxi, P.R. China.

Hangzhou University: Vibrissaphora jiulonghsanensis

HENNU: College of Life, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453002, P.R. China.

HLD: Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany.

HNU: Department of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081 P.R. China.

HNLU: [Hynobius guabangshanensis]

HNNU: Department of Biology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou City, Hainan Province, China.

HTC: [Hynobius amjiensis]

HUJ: Hebrew University, Department of Zoology, Jerusalem, Israel.

IBAUNC: Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Instituto de Biología Animal, Centro Universitario, Parque General San Martín, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina. (formerly IBMUNC)

IBUNAM: Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. 04510, Mexico.

ICN: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Apartado 7495, Bogotá, Colombia.

IFAN: Instituto Fondamental dAfrique Noire, B.P. 206, Université de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.

IND-AN: Amphibian Collection, Instituto Nacional de los Recursos Naturales Renovables y del Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia.

INHS: Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA.

INPA: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil.

IOC: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, C.P. 926, Avenida Brasil, Manguinhos, 20.000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

IRSNB: Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 29 Rue Vautier, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium. (Formerly MRHN, Museum Royal dHistoire Naturelle, Belgium.)

IAVH: Instituto de Ivestigación de los Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leiva, Boyacá, Colombia.

IZ: Instituto de Zoología, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Habana. Now in CZACC.

IZUA: Universidad Austral de Chile, Instituto de Zoología, Valdivia, Chile.

IZUC: Universidad de Concepción, Instituto de Zoología, Concepción, Chile.

IZUG: Istituto di Zoologia dellUniversità, Via Balbi 5, 16126 Genova, Italy.

IZUW: Institut für Zoologie der Universität Wien, Wien, Austria.

JJ: Jorge Jim Private Collection, Deparatmento de Zoologia, IBBMAUNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

JLA: Jean-Luc Amiet Collection; now in MHNG.

KIZ: Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, P.R. China.

KM: Muzeum Przyrodnicze Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, ul. Krupnicza 50, Kraków, Poland.

KU: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Division of Herpetology, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA.

KUHE: Kyoto University, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto 606, Japan.

LACM: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Section of Herpetology, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA.

Lanza Collection: Personal collection of Benedetto Lanza.

LCFM: Musée dHistoire Naturelle, 2300 La-Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland.

LE-UBIPRO: Julio A. Lemos-Espinal field series in the collection of Unidad de Biología, Tecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudio Superiores Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, México, Mexico.

Leverian Museum: Collection now widely dispersed and types not now known to exist.

LIHUBA: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Investigaciones Herpetológicas, now in MACN.

LIU: M. Liu personal collection [rana huanranensis]

LIV: Liverpool Museum, William Brown Street, Liverpool L3 8EN, United Kingdom.

LSUMZ: Louisiana State University, Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70893, USA.

LTHC: Liupanshui Teachers' Higher College, Department of Biology, Shiucheng, Guizhou, China.

LZUH: Laboratoire de Zoologie, Université de Hanoi, Vietnam.

MACN: Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Sección Herpetología, Avenida Angel Gallardo 470, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.

MAD: Museo Arqueologica de Deya. Mallorca, Spain.

MAP: Musée d'Anthropologie prehistorique. Monte Carlo, Monaco.

MBL: Museu Bocage, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica, Lisboa 2, Portugal. Collection destroyed by fire on 18 March 1978.

MBML: Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, 29.650 Santa Teresa, Espiritu Santo, Brazil.

MBUCV: Universidad Central de Venezuela, Museo de Biología, Apartado 59058, Los Chaguaramos, Caracas, Venezuela.

MCP: Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.

MCNG: Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Guanare, Portuguesa 3310, Venezuela

MCP: Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Caixa Postale 1429, 90000 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul

MCVR: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Lung, Porta Vittoria No. 9, I-37129 Verona, Italy.

MCZ: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

MCZMI: Department of Zoology, Modern College, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

MD: Museu Regional do Dundo, C.P. 54, Dundo, Chitato, Luanda-Norte, Angola.

MDUG: Universidad de Guanajuato, Museo Alfredo Dugès, Guanajuato, Mexico.

MGAB: Muzeul de Istorie Naturala Grigore Antipa, Soseaua Kisseleff1, Sectorul 1, 79744 Bucharest 63, Romania.

MGP: Museo di Geologia e Paleontologia. Pisa, Italy.

MHNC: Museo de Historia Natural de Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia.

MHNCP: Departamento de Herpetología del Museo de Historia Natural del Cusco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Plaza de Armas del Cusco s/n, Cusco, Peru

MHNCI: Museu de Historia Natural Capao da Imbuia, Rua Prof. Benedito Conceicao 407, 82810-080 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.

MHNCSJ: Museo de Historia Natural, Colegio San José, Medellín, Colombia.

MHNG: Museum dHistoire Naturelle, Route de Malagnou, C.P. 284, 1211 Geneva 6, Switzerland.

MHNJP: Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado; now MHNSM.

MHNLS: Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Caracas, Venezuela. Formerly SCN.

Musee Hoang-Ho Pai-Ho: Musee Hoang-Ho Pai-Ho. Now Tianjin Natural History Museum. Tianjin, Hebei, China.

MHNM: Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, Enc. Herpetología, Casilla de Correo 399, Montevideo, Uruguay.

MHNN: Museé dHistoire Naturelle de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.

MHNSM: Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenas 11434, Lima, Peru (formerly MHNJP: Museo de Historia Natural Javier Prado; sometimes MUSM: Museo de Universidad Mayor de San Marcos). .

MK: National Museum of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya.

MLP: Museo La Plata, Collection Herpetología, Paseo del Bosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.

MLS: Museo del Instituto de La Salle, Apartado Aéreo 27389, Calle 11, No. 169, Bogotá, Colombia.

MLU: Martin-Luther-Universität, Zoologisches Institut, Domplatz 4, 4020 Halle, Germany.

MM: Magdeburg Museum, Magdeburg, Germany.

MMK: McGregor Museum, P.O. Box 316, Kimberley 8300, Northern Cape Province, South Africa.

MMUS: University of Sydney, Macleay Museum, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

MNCN: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutierrez Abascal, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.

MNH: Musei Nacionalis Hungarici (Természettudományi Múzeum), Baross u. 13 24, P.O.B. 37, 1088 Budapest, Hungary.

MNHHWU: Museum of Natural History Wroclaw University, Sienkiewicza str. 21, PL-50-335 Wroclaw Poland. (formerly Breslau Museum?)

MNHNC: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Chile, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile.

MNHNCU: Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Havana, Cuba.

MNHNP: Museum National dHistoire Naturelle, Laboratoire des Amphibiens et Reptiles, 25 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.

MNK: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Avenida Irala 565, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.

MNM: Muzium Negara Malaysia/National Museum of Malaysia, Jalan Damansara, 50566 Kuala Lumpur (formerly the Selangor Museum).

MNRJ: Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/no., 20.942 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

MONZ: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand.

MPEG: Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Caixa Postal 3999, 66.040 Belém, Brazil.

MRAC: Musée Royal de lAfrique Centrale, Steenweg op Leuven, 1980 Tervuren, Belgium.

MRGS: Museu do Rio Grande do Sul, C.P. 1188, 90.000 Pôrto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

MRHN: Now IRSNB.

MRSN: Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via Giovanni Giolitti 36, 10123, Torino, Italy.

MSNG: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova Giacomo Doria, Via Brigata Liguria 9, 16121 Genova, Italy.

MSNM: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Corso Venezia 55, 20121 Milano, Italy.

MSU: The Museum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1045, USA.

MTKD: Staatliche Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany.

MTSN: Museu Tridentino di Scienze Naturali, Trento, Italy.

MU: Midwestern [now State] University, Wichita Falls, Texas. (Hyla holmani)

MUJ: Lorenzo Uribe Museum of Natural History, Pontificia Universidad Javierana, Bogotá, Colombia.

MUP: Universidade do Pôrto, Museu do Historia Natural, Pôrto, Portugal.

MUZD: Melbourne University Zoology Department, now transferred to AMS.

MVEN: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, S. Croce 1730, I-30135 Venezia

MVUP: Museo de Vertebrados de la Universidad de Panamá, Estafeta Universitaria, Panamá.

MVZ: University of California, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

MZB: Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Jl. Raya Juanda 3, Bogor, Java, Indonesia.

MZBE: Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona, España.

MZFC: Museo de Zoologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.

MZUB: Museo di Zoologia, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

MZUC: Museo de Zoología, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. (same as IZUC?) Telmatobius fronteriensis Eupsophus contulmoensis

MZUF: Università di Firenze, Museo Zoologico La Specola, Via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy.

MZUEFS: Coleção Herpetologica do Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santa, Campus Universitário, Avenida Universitária, 44031-060 Feira de Santa, Bahia, Brazil.

MZUSP: Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, Avenida Nazareth 481, C.P. 7172, 01000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

MZUT: Museo di Zoologia. Instituto di Zoologia e Anatomia Comparata Universitá di Torino, Via Giolitti 34, 10123, Torino Italy. Now housed with MRSN.

MZV: Instytut Zoologii, ul. Wilcza 64, 00679 Warsaw, Poland.

National Center for Reference Collection of Thailand; now moved to the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Techno Thani, Pathum Thani Province, Thailand.

NHM: Naturhistorisches Museum, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland.

NHMB: Naturhistorisches Museum, Augustinergasse 2, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.

NHMG: Naturhistoriska Museet, Box 11049, Slottskogen, 40030 Göteborg, Sweden.

NHMT: National Science Museum of Thailand

NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Zoologische Abtheilung, Postfach 417, Burgring 7, 1014 Wien, Austria.

NHRM: Naturhistoriska Rijkmuseet, Section for Vertebrate Zoology, Roslagsvägen 120, Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm 50, Sweden.

NIEA: [Batrachuperus taipaiensis]

NMB: National Museum. Bloemfontein, Rep. South Africa.

NMC: Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada.

NMK: National Museums of Kenya, Museum Hillis, Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.

NMM: National Museum of Victoria, 285321 Russell Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.

NMNHI: National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi, India.

NMNS: National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan.

NMP: Natal Museum, Loop Street, Pietermaritzburg 3201, Natal, South Africa.

NMSL: Sri Lanka National Museum, PO Box 854, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka.

NMNZ: National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand (formerly Dominion Museum)

NMZL: National Museum of Zambia, Livingstone, Zambia.

NMZB: National Museum of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

NPIB: Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Xining, Qinghai, P.R. China.

NSMW: Museum Wiesbaden, Naturwissenschftlich Sammlung, Wiesbaden, Germany.

NTM; Northern Territory Museum), Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. (Now MAGNT: Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia.)

NTNUB: National Taiwan Normal University, Department of Biology, 162 East Ho Ping Road, Sec. 1, Taipei, Taiwan 117, China.

NTUMA: National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road IV, Taipei, Taiwan 107, China.

NYSM: New York State Museum, Cultural Education Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York 12230, USA.

NZMS: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, National Zoological Museum, Ruski 1, Sophia, Bulgaria.

OKMNH: The Sam Noble Oklahoma State Museum of Natural History, 2401 Chautauqua Avenue, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA. Given as UO in [Eurycea toglodytes].

OMNH: Osaka Museum of Natural History, Nagai Park, Higashi-sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 546, Japan.

OSUS: Oklahoma State University, Department of Zoology, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074, USA.

OUM: Oxford University Museum, Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom.

PEM: Port Elizabeth Museum, Port Elizabeth, Republic of South Africa.

PM: Philadelphia Museum: defunct in 1856, collections then transferred to P.T. Barnums American Museum (not AMNH) (collections destroyed by fire in 1865) and Boston Society of Natural History, the herpetology collection going to the MCZ in 1914.

PNM: Philippine National Museum, Manila, Philippines.

QCAZ: Museo de Zoología, Pontifica Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Apartado 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.

QM: Queensland Museum, Gregory Terrace, Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.

QVM: Queen Victoria Museum, Wellington Street, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.

RDB: R. Donoso-Barros Collection; now in IZUC.

RGMC: now MRAC

RM: Raffles Museum. Now ZRC.

RMNH: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Postbus 9517, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

ROM: Royal Ontario Museum, Department of Herpetology, 100 Queens Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada.

SAM: South African Museum, P.O. Box 61, Cape Town 8000, Western Cape Province, South Africa.

SAMA: South Australia Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.

SBC: Sarawak Biodiversity Centre Zoological Museum, Semenggoh, Sarawak, Malaysia.

SCUM: Zoological Museum of the School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

SDNHM: San Diego Natural History Museum, Department of Herpetology, PO Box 1390, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.

SIU: Southern Illinois University, Herpetology Collection, Department of Zoology, Illinois 62901, USA.

SM: Strecker Museum, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA.

SMF: Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg, Senckenberg-Anlage 25, 6000 Frankfurt-am-Main 1, Germany.

SMK: Sarawak Museum, Jl. Tun Hj. Openg, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

SMM: Sabah Museum, Locked Bag 2015, 88566 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

SMNS: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Schloss Rosenstein, 7000 Stuttgart 1, Germany.

SMW: State Museum, Windhoek, Namibia.

SYNU: Shenyang Normal University, Shengyang, China.

SPM: Sabah Parks, PO Box 10626 88806, Kota Kinabalu, Sabaha, Malaysia. {Leptolalax arayai; Ansonia anotis"

SPCS: Sergio P. Carvalho e Silva, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21910 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

STC: Sichuan Teachers College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China.

SU: Stanford University, now in CAS.

SZE: Zoology Department, Aegean University, Science Faculty, Biology Division, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey.

SZKU: Museum of Nature of the Kharkiv National University, 8 Trinklera St., Kharkiv, 61022 Ukraine. [Rana emeljanovi]

TCWC: Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection, Department of Wildlife Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.

THNHM: National Science Museum, Thailand Natural History Museum, Technopolois, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Patumthani 12120, Thailand. (Presumably now includes the former National Center for Reference Collections of Thailand.)

TIU: University of Tokyo [formerly Tokyo Imperial University], Science College Museum, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Formerly Tokyo Imperial University.

TMAG: Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, GPO Box 1164, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.

TMP: Transvaal Museum, P.O. Box 413, Pretoria 0001, Transvaal, South Africa.

TNHC: Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collection, 24th and Trinity, Austin, Texas 78705, USA.

TOYA: Toyama Science Museum, Toyama 939, Niigata University, Niigata 95021, Japan.

TTU: Texas Tech University, Museum, Box 43191, Lubbock, TX 79409-3191, USA.

TU: Tulane University, Museum of Natural History, F. Edward Hebert Research Center, Belle Chasse, LA 70037, USA.

TZM: National Science Museum [= Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakabutsukan], Hyakunin-cho, 3-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan.

UACBA: Université d'Antananarivo, Département de Biologie Animale, Atntananarivo, Madagascar.

UAZ: Amphibian and Reptile Collection, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson 85720, Arizona, USA.

UCM: University of Colorado Museum, Herpetology Collection, Campus Box 315, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

UCR: Coleccion de Herpetología, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.

UF: Telmatobius degener

UFC: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

UG-CSBD: University of Guyana, Center for the Study of Biological Diversity, Georgetown, Guyana.

UIMNH: University of Illinois, Museum of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

UM: Umtali Museum; now NMZB.

ULABG: Universidad de los Andes, Departamento de Geografia, Mérida, Venezuela.

ULBF: Univ. Ljubljana, Slovenia, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology.

UMB: Übersee Museum Bremen, Bahnhofsplatz 13,D-28195 Bremen, Germany.

UMKL: University of Malaya, Zoology Department, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur 2211, Malaysia.

UMMP: University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079.

UMMZ: University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, USA.

UMZ: University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Department of Zoology, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.

UNNEC: Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina

UP: University of Papua and New Guinea, Biology Department, University P.O. Box 4820, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.

UPRM: Universidad de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Biología, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico 00708, USA.

UPRP: Universidad de Puerto Rico, Departamento de Biología, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, USA.

URP: Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Ricardo Palma, Av. Benavides cdra. 54, Santiago de Surco, Lima, Peru.

USM: Biological Sciences Program, School of Distance of Eucation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USNM, Penang, Malaysia.

USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.

UTA: University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biological Sciences, UTA Box 19489, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.

UTEP: University of Texas at El Paso, Centennial Museum, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-0519, USA.

UU: University of Utah, Department of Biology, 1400 E. 2nd South Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.

UVC: Museo de Vertebrados, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.

UWZM--University of Wisconsin: Zoology Museum.

UZMO: Universitetet i Oslo, Zoologisk Museum, Sarsgaten 1, Oslo 5, Norway.

WAM: Western Australia Museum, Francis Street, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia.

WCAB: Werner C. A. Bokermann collection, now transferred to MZUSP.

WED: William E. Duellman field series.

WHT: World Heritage Trust, Sri Lanka.

YPM: Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, 170 Whitney Avenue, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

XNC: Department of Biology, Xinxiang Normal College, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China.

YT: Dept Life Sciences and Technology, Yantai Normal University, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China.

YU: Yunnan University, Kunming, P.R. China.

ZDEU: Zoology Department, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.

ZFMK: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Herpetologische Abteilung, Adenauerallee 150-164, 5300 Bonn-1, Germany.

ZIAU: Zoological Institute of Antananarivo University; now UACBA.

ZIHU: Hiroshima University, Zoological Institute, 1-1-89 Higashi-senda-machi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima 30, Japan.

ZIK: Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institute, 252.150 Kiev: 30, Ukraine.

ZISP: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia. (Formerly ZIL, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences, Leningrad.)

ZIUG: Zoologisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. Transferred to ZFMK in 1977.

ZIUS: Universitetes Stockholm, Zoologiska Institutionen, Box 6801, 113 86 Stockholm, Sweden.

ZIUU: Uppsala Universitet, Zoologiska Museum, Villvägen 9, Box 561, 75 122 Uppsala, Sweden.

ZIUW: Universität Wien, Zoologisches Institut, Dr.-Karl-Lueger-Ring 1, 1010 Wien, Austria.

ZIUZ: Sveuciliste u Zagrebu (University of Zagreb) Zoological Institute, P. O. Box 815, Trg Marsala Tita 14, 41000 Zagreb, Croatia.

ZMA: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum, Plantage Middenlaan 53, Amsterdam: C, Netherlands.

ZMB: Universität Humboldt, Zoologisches Museum, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany.

ZMC: Zunyi Medical College ;Pseudohynobius kuankuoshuiensis

ZMG: Zoologischen Museums Greifswald. Griefswald, Germany.

ZMH: Zoologisches Museum für Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 5, 2000 Hamburg 13, Germany.

ZMK: Zoological Musem, Kristiania (now Oslo), Norway.

ZMLU: Lunds Universitet, Zoologiska Institutionen, Helgonavägen 3, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.

ZMM: M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Zoological Museum, Ul. Herzena 6, 103009 Moscow K-9, Russia.

ZMNH: Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou, P.R. China.

ZMUC: Universitets København, Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København, Denmark.

ZMZ: Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Zurich, Kinstergasse 16, jCH-8006 Zurich Switzerland

ZRC: Zoological Reference Collection, Department of Zoology, University of Singapore, Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 10. Formerly National Museum and formerly Raffles Museum.

ZSIC: Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). 27 JL Nehru Road, Klkata, 700 016, India. Formerly Indian Museum.

ZSI-E: Zoological Survey of India, Eastern Regional Station, Fruit Garden, Risa Colony, Shillong - 793003, Meghalaya, India.

ZSI-M: Zoological Survey of India, Mylapore, Madras, India. Now ZSI-SRS.

ZSI-NRS: Zoological Survey of India, Northern Regional Station, Dehra Dunn, India.

ZSI-S: Now ZSI-E.

ZSI-SRS: Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station, Chennai, India.

ZSI-WGFRS: Western Ghats Field Research Station, Zoological Survey of India, Calicut, Kerala, India.

ZSI-WRS: Zoological Survey of India, Western Regional Station, Pune, India.

ZSM: Zoologisches Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 8000 München 21, Germany.

ZUEC: Museu de História Natural, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13081-970 Campinas, S.P, Brazil.

ZUFRJ: Departamento de Zoolgia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68044, 21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

ZVCB: Collección de Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay.